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Language influence in responses to questionnaires by bilingual respondents: A test of the Whorfian hypothesis

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  • Richard, Marie-Odile
  • Toffoli, Roy

Abstract

This paper examines how sub-cultural respondents differ in their perceptions and answers to questionnaire items tapping their acculturation and ethnic identity. A related objective is to examine how bilingual respondents exposed to an instrument in the source language perceive it compared to subjects exposed to the instrument in their native language. Prior studies find that respondents can answer differently according to the language of the questionnaire. The framework is based on the Whorfian hypothesis and the Revised Hierarchical Model. About 500 questionnaires are collected from Greek-Canadians residing in Eastern Canada. Findings indicate the presence of several non-invariant factor loadings and covariances, indicating that caution should be exercised when carrying out ethnic identity studies with respondents who are given the choice of the language of the questionnaire. Research on how differences between languages affect consumer information processing and cognitions can shed light on a new form of response style in cross-cultural research.

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  • Richard, Marie-Odile & Toffoli, Roy, 2009. "Language influence in responses to questionnaires by bilingual respondents: A test of the Whorfian hypothesis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(10), pages 987-994, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:62:y:2009:i:10:p:987-994
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emad ABU-SHANAB & Khalil Md NOR, 2013. "The Influence Of Language On Research Results," Management Research and Practice, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 5(4), pages 37-48, December.
    2. Summerville, Karoline M. & Chen, Victor Zitian & Shoham, Amir & Taras, Vasyl, 2024. "Speaking of diversity: Can linguistic structural differences explain cultural values toward equity, diversity, and inclusion across the globe?," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 59(1).
    3. Cleveland, Mark & Laroche, Michel & Papadopoulos, Nicolas, 2015. "You are what you speak? Globalization, multilingualism, consumer dispositions and consumption," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 542-552.
    4. Diana Zavala-Rojas & Willem E. Saris, 2018. "Measurement Invariance in Multilingual Survey Research: The Role of the Language of the Questionnaire," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 140(2), pages 485-510, November.
    5. Hamzah, Zalfa Laili & Syed Alwi, Sharifah Faridah & Othman, Md Nor, 2014. "Designing corporate brand experience in an online context: A qualitative insight," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(11), pages 2299-2310.

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