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Regressive effects of payment card pricing and merchant cost pass-through in the United States and Canada

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  • Felt, Marie-Hélène
  • Hayashi, Fumiko
  • Stavins, Joanna
  • Welte, Angelika

Abstract

We use novel datasets from multiple sources to quantify US and Canadian consumers’ net pecuniary costs of making payments across income cohorts. The net costs include merchants’ payment acceptance cost that is passed on to consumers, payment card rewards, and fees paid to financial institutions. We find that the net costs as the ratio to transaction value is generally the highest for the bottom income cohort and the lowest for the top cohort, indicating regressive distributional effects. In Canada, the difference in the ratio between the bottom and top cohorts remains positive under all combinations of alternative assumptions, ranging from 0.24 percentage points (pps) to 0.85 pps. In contrast, in the US the difference ranges from -0.30 pps to 0.74 pps, suggesting that the regressive effects disappear under some combinations of alternative assumptions. Further research with more detailed data is needed to refine our results for the US.

Suggested Citation

  • Felt, Marie-Hélène & Hayashi, Fumiko & Stavins, Joanna & Welte, Angelika, 2023. "Regressive effects of payment card pricing and merchant cost pass-through in the United States and Canada," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:154:y:2023:i:c:s0378426623001668
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.106968
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    1. Claire Greene & Fumiko Hayashi & Alicia Lloro & Oz Shy & Joanna Stavins & Ying Lei Toh, 2024. "Defining Households That Are Underserved in Digital Payment Services," Working Papers 24-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regressive effects; Rewards; Credit cards; Interchange fees; Pass-through;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L81 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce

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