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The carrier-within-a-carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar

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  • Whyte, Randall
  • Lohmann, Gui

Abstract

The carrier-within-a-carrier (CWC)—or “airline-within-an-airline†(AWA)—approach has become an integral part of many airlines' marketing strategies in the Asia–Pacific region where several full-service national airlines operate low-cost/low-fare subsidiary airlines. The CWC approach is a response to competition from low-cost carriers based on product differentiation, i.e., a ‘two brands’ business strategy aimed at defending market share. Most CWCs were established after 2001 as a response to deregulation and liberalization and generally adhere to the principals of low-cost/low-fare carriers. Typically, CWCs enter markets through new, point-to-point services and operate short-haul routes (one-to 2-h flying times) that might have been abandoned by full-service airlines (FSAs), whereas at other times they simply compete directly with FSAs on price. This paper analyses Jetstar, a subsidiary of Qantas, which has transitioned from a domestic CWC to an international medium- and long-haul carrier. In addition to its domestic Australian operations, Jetstar operates between Australia and the Asia–Pacific region and has established partnership arrangements operating within Asia, including Jetstar Asia (based in Singapore), Jetstar Vietnam and Jetstar Japan. Jetstar also has operations in New Zealand. The theoretical framework applied in this paper is based on the strategic windows concept, in which opportunities arise and a window opens, and Tregoe and Zimmerman's (1980) ‘driving forces’ model, in which nine attributes are listed and certain of these are exemplified by Qantas' strategy. The methodology adopts a case study approach that draws upon content analysis and ‘events in the making’ and features interviews with key respondents. The findings show that Jetstar disproved earlier criticism of the CWC strategy and further demonstrate that by careful planning, strategy and execution, Jetstar has been able to grow its capacity, maintain high load factors, increase revenue and (more importantly) increase profitability at a time when many airlines are consolidating or withdrawing services because of losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Whyte, Randall & Lohmann, Gui, 2015. "The carrier-within-a-carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 141-148.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jaitra:v:42:y:2015:i:c:p:141-148
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.09.008
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    3. Soliman, Amr & O’Connell, John Frankie & Tamaddoni-Nezhad, Alireza, 2022. "A data-driven approach for characterising revenues of South-Asian long-haul low-cost carriers per equivalent flight capacity per block hour," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
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    5. Renan P. de Oliveira & Alessandro V. M. Oliveira & Gui Lohmann, 2021. "A Network-Design Analysis of Airline Business Model Adaptation in the Face of Competition and Consolidation," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(2), pages 532-548, March.
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    7. Soyk, Christian & Ringbeck, Jürgen & Spinler, Stefan, 2018. "Revenue characteristics of long-haul low cost carriers (LCCs) and differences to full-service network carriers (FSNCs)," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 47-65.
    8. Nokhaiz Tariq Khan & Javed Aslam & Ateeq Abdul Rauf & Yun Bae Kim, 2022. "The Case of South Korean Airlines-Within-Airlines Model: Helping Full-Service Carriers Challenge Low-Cost Carriers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    9. Moir, Loren & Lohmann, Gui, 2018. "A quantitative means of comparing competitive advantage among airlines with heterogeneous business models: Analysis of U.S. airlines," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 72-82.
    10. Wang, Kun & Tsui, Wai Hong Kan & Li, Lan-Bing & Lei, Zheng & Fu, Xiaowen, 2020. "Entry pattern of low-cost carriers in New Zealand - The impact of domestic and trans-Tasman market factors," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 36-45.
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