IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intfin/v84y2023ics104244312300029x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Do CoCos serve the goals of macroprudential supervisors or bank managers?

Author

Listed:
  • Allen, Linda
  • Golfari, Andrea

Abstract

Using a hand-collected, comprehensive sample of contingent capital bonds (CoCos) issued by banks over the 2009–2019 period, we identify shifts in CoCo design features that nullify their putative salutary macroprudential benefits. Increasingly, CoCos are issued without punitive wealth transfers from shareholders to bondholders, thereby removing incentives for bank managers to take preemptive, risk-reducing action in order to prevent the CoCo from triggering. That is, CoCos are overwhelmingly issued with conversion ratios of zero (principal writedowns) that do not mitigate bank risk taking. Further, CoCo issuance can be used to circumvent supervisory discretion over bonus and dividend payouts. That is, CoCos issued as Additional Tier 1 capital relax regulatory constraints, particularly for banks close to the Maximum Distributable Amount (MDA) threshold. Bank managers are aware of these loopholes and exploit them to the detriment of financial market stability and macroprudential objectives.

Suggested Citation

  • Allen, Linda & Golfari, Andrea, 2023. "Do CoCos serve the goals of macroprudential supervisors or bank managers?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:84:y:2023:i:c:s104244312300029x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101761
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104244312300029X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101761?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Avdjiev, Stefan & Bogdanova, Bilyana & Bolton, Patrick & Jiang, Wei & Kartasheva, Anastasia, 2020. "CoCo issuance and bank fragility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 593-613.
    2. Berg, Tobias & Kaserer, Christoph, 2015. "Does contingent capital induce excessive risk-taking?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 356-385.
    3. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    4. Goncharenko, Roman & Ongena, Steven & Rauf, Asad, 2021. "The agency of CoCos: Why contingent convertible bonds are not for everyone," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    5. Paul Glasserman & Enrico Perotti, 2017. "The Unconvertible CoCo Bonds," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Douglas D Evanoff & George G Kaufman & Agnese Leonello & Simone Manganelli (ed.), Achieving Financial Stability Challenges to Prudential Regulation, chapter 23, pages 317-329, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Charles W. Calomiris & Richard J. Herring, 2013. "How to Design a Contingent Convertible Debt Requirement That Helps Solve Our Too-Big-to-Fail Problem," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 25(2), pages 39-62, June.
    7. Pennacchi, George & Vermaelen, Theo & Wolff, Christian C. P., 2014. "Contingent Capital: The Case of COERCs," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 49(3), pages 541-574, June.
    8. Samuel G. Hanson & Anil K. Kashyap & Jeremy C. Stein, 2011. "A Macroprudential Approach to Financial Regulation," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 25(1), pages 3-28, Winter.
    9. Suresh Sundaresan & Zhenyu Wang, 2015. "On the Design of Contingent Capital with a Market Trigger," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 881-920, April.
    10. William Dudley, 2013. "Ending too big to fail," Speech 123, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    11. Hilscher, Jens & Raviv, Alon, 2014. "Bank stability and market discipline: The effect of contingent capital on risk taking and default probability," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 542-560.
    12. Allen, Linda & Tang, Yi, 2016. "What’s the contingency? A proposal for bank contingent capital triggered by systemic risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 1-14.
    13. Anil K. Kashyap & Raghuram G. Rajan & Jeremy C. Stein, 2008. "Rethinking capital regulation," Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pages 431-471.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hilscher, Jens & Raviv, Alon & Wiener, Zvi, 2024. "Dynamic volatility regulation of financial institutions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Goncharenko, Roman & Ongena, Steven & Rauf, Asad, 2021. "The agency of CoCos: Why contingent convertible bonds are not for everyone," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    2. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    3. Avdjiev, Stefan & Bogdanova, Bilyana & Bolton, Patrick & Jiang, Wei & Kartasheva, Anastasia, 2020. "CoCo issuance and bank fragility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 593-613.
    4. Michael Sigmund & Kevin Zimmermann, 2021. "Determinants of Contingent Convertible Bond Coupon Rates of Banks: An Empirical Analysis (Michael Sigmund, Kevin Zimmermann)," Working Papers 236, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
    5. Pierluigi Bologna & Arianna Miglietta & Anatoli Segura, 2020. "Contagion in the CoCos Market? A Case Study of Two Stress Events," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 16(6), pages 137-184, December.
    6. Martynova, Natalya & Perotti, Enrico, 2018. "Convertible bonds and bank risk-taking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 35(PB), pages 61-80.
    7. Raviv, Alon & Hilscher, Jens & Peleg Lazar, Sharon, 2021. "Designing bankers' pay: Using contingent capital to reduce risk-shifting," MPRA Paper 106596, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Mendes, Layla dos Santos & Leite, Rodrigo de Oliveira & Fajardo, José, 2022. "Do contingent convertible bonds reduce systemic risk?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. Giovanni Calice & Carlo Sala & Daniele Tantari, 2020. "Contingent Convertible Bonds in Financial Networks," Papers 2009.00062, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    10. George Pennacchi & Alexei Tchistyi, 2018. "Contingent Convertibles with Stock Price Triggers: The Case of Perpetuities," 2018 Meeting Papers 331, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    11. Roman Goncharenko, 2022. "Fighting Fire with Gasoline: CoCos in Lieu of Equity," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 54(2-3), pages 493-517, March.
    12. Fatouh, Mahmoud & McMunn, Ayowande, 2019. "Shareholder risk-taking incentives in the presence of contingent capital," Bank of England working papers 775, Bank of England.
    13. Lionel Melin & Ahyan Panjwani, 2024. "Optimal Design of Contingent Capital," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-051, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    14. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Kang, Woo-Young, 2021. "On the preferences of CoCo bond buyers and sellers," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    15. Chuang‐Chang Chang & San‐Lin Chung & Ruey‐Jenn Ho & Yu‐Jen Hsiao, 2022. "Revisiting the valuation of deposit insurance," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(1), pages 77-103, January.
    16. Javadi, Siamak & Li, Weiping & Nejadmalayeri, Ali, 2023. "Contingent capital conversion under dual asset and equity jump–diffusions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    17. Himmelberg, Charles P. & Tsyplakov, Sergey, 2020. "Optimal terms of contingent capital, incentive effects, and capital structure dynamics," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    18. Mahmoud Fatouh & Ioana Neamtu & Sweder van Wijnbergen, 2022. "Risk-Taking, Competition and Uncertainty: Do Contingent Convertible (CoCo) Bonds Increase the Risk Appetite of Banks?," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-017/IV, Tinbergen Institute.
    19. Petras, Matthias, 2022. "Increasing profitability through contingent convertible capital: Empirical evidence from European banks," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    20. Fiordelisi, Franco & Pennacchi, George & Ricci, Ornella, 2020. "Are contingent convertibles going-concern capital?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    CoCo; Contingent capital; Bank capital regulation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:84:y:2023:i:c:s104244312300029x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/intfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.