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Optimal terms of contingent capital, incentive effects, and capital structure dynamics

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  • Himmelberg, Charles P.
  • Tsyplakov, Sergey

Abstract

Contingent Convertible Bonds (CoCos) with conversion ratios that dilute issuer's shareholders generate incentives to preemptively raise equity capital to avoid triggering conversion. Our dynamic model provides an interior solution for the unique optimal conversion ratio and the capital structure policies that maximizes issuer's value net of deadweight costs. Preemptive recapitalization induced by moderately dilutive conversion terms leads to fewer defaults, lower borrowing rates, and higher debt capacity when compared to less dilutive terms. However, highly dilutive conversion ratios do not always enhance efficiency because issuers facing very high dilution risk recapitalize too frequently, generating excessive adjustment costs. Conversely, if CoCo's principal is written-down at the conversion without diluting shareholders, then the issuer will have perverse incentives to destroy a portion of its capital (“burn money”) to force conversion and generate windfall gains for shareholders.

Suggested Citation

  • Himmelberg, Charles P. & Tsyplakov, Sergey, 2020. "Optimal terms of contingent capital, incentive effects, and capital structure dynamics," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:corfin:v:64:y:2020:i:c:s0929119920300791
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101635
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Liang-Chih & Dai, Tian-Shyr & Zhou, Lei, 2024. "On the design of bail-in-able bonds from the perspective of non-financial firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 1136-1155.
    2. Lionel Melin & Ahyan Panjwani, 2024. "Optimal Design of Contingent Capital," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-051, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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    5. Ernest Ezeani & Rami Salem & Frank Kwabi & Khalid Boutaine & Bilal & Bushra Komal, 2022. "Board monitoring and capital structure dynamics: evidence from bank-based economies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 473-498, February.
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    8. Zhao, Zhiming & Li, Shasha & Tang, Huiling, 2021. "Write-down bonds, credit risk and imperfect information," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Contingent capital; Structural pricing model; Dynamic capital structure; Credit spreads; Market imperfections; “Burn money”;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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