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Measuring the holes of the ship: Global cost estimations of internal inefficiency in primary education

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  • Mizunoya, Suguru
  • Zaw, Htet Thiha

Abstract

Using UNESCO-UIS data, this paper estimates the costs of internal inefficiency caused by dropouts and repetitions in primary education. Multiple imputation method is found essential to accurately estimate the costs of internal inefficiency. Globally, 8.1% of total public expenditure for primary education was wasted in 2011, a 3.4 percentage-point decrease from 2002. However, during the same period, total value of wastage increased by two billion USD to 32.6 billion USD, five times higher than total aid for primary education towards developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa remains as the region with significant needs for improvement in internal inefficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Mizunoya, Suguru & Zaw, Htet Thiha, 2017. "Measuring the holes of the ship: Global cost estimations of internal inefficiency in primary education," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 8-17.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:54:y:2017:i:c:p:8-17
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.01.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2011. "Learning for All," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 27790.
    2. Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons & Jukes, Matthew C.H. & Dubeck, Margaret M., 2016. "“I failed, no matter how hard I tried”: A mixed-methods study of the role of achievement in primary school dropout in rural Kenya," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 100-107.
    3. Michaelowa, Katharina, 2001. "Primary Education Quality in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: Determinants of Learning Achievement and Efficiency Considerations," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(10), pages 1699-1716, October.
    4. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultura [UNESCO], 2015. "Education for All 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges," Working Papers id:7512, eSocialSciences.
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