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COVID-19 vaccine challenges: What have we learned so far and what remains to be done?

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  • Forman, Rebecca
  • Shah, Soleil
  • Jeurissen, Patrick
  • Jit, Mark
  • Mossialos, Elias

Abstract

Developing and distributing a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine has garnered immense global interest. Less than a year after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, several vaccine candidates had received emergency use authorization across a range of countries. Despite this scientific breakthrough, the journey from vaccine discovery to global herd immunity against COVID-19 continues to present significant policy challenges that require a collaborative, global response. We offer a framework for understanding remaining and new policy challenges for successful global vaccine campaigns against COVID-19 as well as potential solutions to address them. Decision-makers must be aware of these challenges and strategize solutions that can be implemented at scale. These include challenges around maintaining R&D incentives, running clinical trials, authorizations, post-market surveillance, manufacturing and supply, global dissemination, allocation, uptake, and clinical system adaption. Alongside these challenges, financial and ethical concerns must also be addressed.

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  • Forman, Rebecca & Shah, Soleil & Jeurissen, Patrick & Jit, Mark & Mossialos, Elias, 2021. "COVID-19 vaccine challenges: What have we learned so far and what remains to be done?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(5), pages 553-567.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:hepoli:v:125:y:2021:i:5:p:553-567
    DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.03.013
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    4. Canoy, Nico A. & Robles, Augil Marie Q. & Roxas, Gilana Kim T., 2022. "Bodies-in-waiting as infrastructure: Assembling the Philippine Government's disciplinary quarantine response to COVID-19," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
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    6. Zéphirin Nganmeni & Roland Pongou & Bertrand Tchantcho & Jean‐Baptiste Tondji, 2022. "Vaccine and inclusion," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 24(5), pages 1101-1123, October.
      • Zéphirin Nganmeni & Roland Pongou & Bertrand Tchantcho & Jean‐baptiste Tondji, 2022. "Vaccine and inclusion," Post-Print hal-04257703, HAL.
      • Zéphirin Nganmeni & Roland Pongou & Bertrand Tchantcho & Jean-Baptiste Tondji, 2022. "Vaccine and Inclusion," Working Papers 2202E Classification-C62,, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.
    7. Refolo, Pietro & Bloemen, Bart & Corsano, Barbara & Grin, John & Gutierrez-Ibarluzea, Iñaki & Hofmann, Bjørn & Oortwijn, Wija & Sampietro-Colom, Laura & Sandman, Lars & van der Wilt, Gert Jan & Sacchi, 2022. "Prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination. The added value of the “VALIDATE” approach," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(8), pages 770-776.
    8. Dayton,Julia M. & Edochie,Ifeanyi Nzegwu & Newhouse,David Locke & Cojocaru,Alexandru & Deudibe,Gildas Bopahbe & Kakietek,Jakub Jan & Kim,Yeon Soo & Montes,Jose, 2022. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in 53 Developing Countries : Levels, Trends, and Reasons for Hesitancy," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10191, The World Bank.
    9. Karakaya, Sırma & Balcik, Burcu, 2024. "Developing a national pandemic vaccination calendar under supply uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    10. Déom, Noémie & Vanderslott, Samantha & Kingori, Patricia & Martin, Sam, 2023. "Online on the frontline: A longitudinal social media analysis of UK healthcare workers’ attitudes to COVID-19 vaccines using the 5C framework," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    11. Laddawan Kaewkitipong & Charlie Chen & Peter Ractham, 2021. "Examining Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Tourism for International Tourists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-18, November.
    12. Jiang, Peng & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Fan, Yee Van & Fu, Xiuju & Tan, Raymond R. & You, Siming & Foley, Aoife M., 2021. "Energy, environmental, economic and social equity (4E) pressures of COVID-19 vaccination mismanagement: A global perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    13. Ezgi Demir & Peter M. Bican, 2023. "Patents and Sustainable Medical Treatment in Developing Countries: Lessons from COVID-19 Vaccines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    14. Fotakis, Emmanouil Alexandros & Simou, Effie, 2023. "Belief in COVID-19 related conspiracy theories around the globe: A systematic review," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    15. Ghio, Daniela & Bignami-Van Assche, Simona & Stilianakis, Nikolaos I., 2022. "Demographics of COVID-19 hospitalisations and related fatality risk patterns," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(10), pages 945-955.
    16. Rey, David & Hammad, Ahmed W. & Saberi, Meead, 2023. "Vaccine allocation policy optimization and budget sharing mechanism using reinforcement learning," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    17. Antonio Rosa de Sousa Neto & Ana Raquel Batista de Carvalho & Márcia Daiane Ferreira da Silva & Marly Marques Rêgo Neta & Inara Viviane de Oliveira Sena & Rosângela Nunes Almeida & Francidalma Soares , 2023. "Bibliometric Analysis of Global Scientific Production on COVID-19 and Vaccines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-14, March.
    18. Valentin Marian Antohi & Romeo Victor Ionescu & Monica Laura Zlati & Cristian Mirica & Nicoleta Cristache, 2022. "Approaches to Health Efficiency across the European Space through the Lens of the Health Budget Effort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-20, March.
    19. Milstein, Ricarda & Shatrov, Kosta & Schmutz, Lea Miranda & Blankart, Carl Rudolf, 2022. "How to pay primary care physicians for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations: An analysis of 43 EU and OECD countries," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(6), pages 485-492.
    20. Wang, Binhua & Ping, Yuan, 2022. "A comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccination certificates in 12 countries/regions around the world: Rationalising health policies for international travel and domestic social activities during the p," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(8), pages 755-762.
    21. Forman, Rebecca & Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha & Kirkby, Victoria & Lessof, Suszy & Nathan, Naomi Limaro & Pastorino, Gabriele & Permanand, Govin & van Schalkwyk, May CI & Torbica, Aleksandra & Busse, Re, 2022. "Drawing light from the pandemic: Rethinking strategies for health policy and beyond," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(1), pages 1-6.
    22. Sudhanshu Joshi & Manu Sharma, 2022. "A Literature Survey on Vaccine Supply Chain Management Amidst COVID-19: Literature Developments, Future Directions and Open Challenges for Public Health," World, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-28, October.

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