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The theory of change and realistic evaluation applied to the evaluation of a transport intervention: The case of the Nottingham Workplace Parking Levy

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  • Dale, Simon
  • Frost, Matthew
  • Ison, Stephen

Abstract

This paper focuses on the application of evaluation based on a Theory of Change Approach, including elements of Realistic Evaluation to a transport intervention; the UK’s first Workplace Parking Levy (WPL) introduced in 2012 in the City of Nottingham. A WPL places a charge off-street parking provided by employers. The scheme acts as a transport demand management measure with the revenue hypothecated for funding transport improvements. The WPL and the measures that it funds thus form an integrated package aimed at achieving social, economic and environmental benefits. The approach afforded a robust evaluation of the outcomes and impacts of a WPL package of measures. Based on this case study it is able to conclude that this evaluation approach is an appropriate framework for evaluating public sector interventions in general and transport interventions specifically and recommend as to how the methodology may be refined for future transport evaluations.

Suggested Citation

  • Dale, Simon & Frost, Matthew & Ison, Stephen, 2023. "The theory of change and realistic evaluation applied to the evaluation of a transport intervention: The case of the Nottingham Workplace Parking Levy," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:epplan:v:98:y:2023:i:c:s0149718923000599
    DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102282
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dale, Simon & Frost, Matthew & Ison, Stephen & Quddus, Mohammed & Warren, Mr Peter, 2017. "Evaluating the impact of a workplace parking levy on local traffic congestion: The case of Nottingham UK," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 153-164.
    2. Dale, Simon & Frost, Matthew & Ison, Stephen & Nettleship, Ken & Warren, Peter, 2017. "An evaluation of the economic and business investment impact of an integrated package of public transport improvements funded by a Workplace Parking Levy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 149-162.
    3. Arasanz, Carla & Nylen, Kirk, 2020. "The theory of change of the evaluation support program: Enhancing the role of community organizations in providing an ecology of care for neurological disorders," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    4. Dale, Simon & Frost, Matthew & Ison, Stephen & Warren, Peter, 2014. "Workplace Parking Levies: The answer to funding large scale local transport improvements in the UK?," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 410-421.
    5. Daniel J. Graham, 2007. "Agglomeration, Productivity and Transport Investment," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 41(3), pages 317-343, September.
    6. Barbara Befani & John Mayne, 2014. "Process Tracing and Contribution Analysis: A Combined Approach to Generative Causal Inference for Impact Evaluation," IDS Bulletin, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(6), pages 17-36, November.
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