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A comparative study of ammonia energy systems as a future energy carrier, with particular reference to vehicle use in Japan

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  • Miura, Daisuke
  • Tezuka, Tetsuo

Abstract

The choice of secondary energy carriers, such as electricity, hydrogen and ammonia, influences not only economic and environmental performances but also the reliability of an entire energy system. This article focuses on ammonia because of its excellent property in energy storage, and assesses the relative advantages of several ammonia energy systems for vehicle use in Japan by estimating energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, and the supply cost of several ammonia energy paths, which are then compared with alternative paths using different energy carriers including hydrogen and electricity. The article also discusses inherent merits and challenges of ammonia energy systems and identifies directions for future research and development. Using ammonia as an energy carrier was demonstrated to be competitive in terms of efficiency, CO2 emissions and supply cost for energy systems requiring fairly large numbers of storage days. This assessment shows that the use of ammonia in an energy system can improve the continuity of the energy supply in a country or region with insecurity of supply. On the other hand, we argue that further technical improvements and cost reduction associated with both conventional and unconventional ammonia production is imperative for using ammonia in a normal energy system.

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  • Miura, Daisuke & Tezuka, Tetsuo, 2014. "A comparative study of ammonia energy systems as a future energy carrier, with particular reference to vehicle use in Japan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 428-436.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:68:y:2014:i:c:p:428-436
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.108
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    1. Vivoda, Vlado, 2012. "Japan’s energy security predicament post-Fukushima," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 135-143.
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    2. Perna, A. & Minutillo, M. & Jannelli, E. & Cigolotti, V. & Nam, S.W. & Han, J., 2018. "Design and performance assessment of a combined heat, hydrogen and power (CHHP) system based on ammonia-fueled SOFC," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 1216-1229.
    3. Rahat Javaid & Tetsuya Nanba, 2022. "Stability of Cs/Ru/MgO Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis as a Hydrogen and Energy Carrier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-8, May.
    4. Siddiqui, O. & Dincer, I., 2019. "Experimental investigation and assessment of direct ammonia fuel cells utilizing alkaline molten and solid electrolytes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 914-923.
    5. Liu, Xing & Wang, Ying & Bai, Yuanqi & Yang, Wenxu, 2023. "Development of reduced and optimized mechanism for ammonia/ hydrogen mixture based on genetic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
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    7. Liu, Luyao & Duan, Liqiang & Zheng, Nan & Wang, Qiushi & Zhang, Maotong & Xue, Dong, 2024. "Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a novel solar-assisted multi-generation system driven by ammonia-fueled SOFC with anode outlet gas recirculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    8. Hookyung Lee & Min-Jung Lee, 2021. "Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-29, September.
    9. Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Murtaza, Sana Z.M. & Al-Othman, Amani & Alami, Abdul Hai & Singh, Karnail & Olabi, Abdul Ghani, 2022. "Ammonia: A versatile candidate for the use in energy storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 955-977.
    10. Lu, Hongfang & Lin, Bin-Le & Campbell, Daniel E. & Wang, Yanjia & Duan, Wenqi & Han, Taotao & Wang, Jun & Ren, Hai, 2022. "Australia-Japan telecoupling of wind power-based green ammonia for passenger transportation: Efficiency, impacts, and sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
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    12. Aziz, Muhammad & Juangsa, Firman Bagja & Kurniawan, Winarto & Budiman, Bentang Arief, 2016. "Clean Co-production of H2 and power from low rank coal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 489-497.

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