IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v46y2012i1p132-139.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sequential conversion of high free fatty acid oils into biodiesel using a new catalyst system

Author

Listed:
  • Peng-Lim, Boey
  • Ganesan, Shangeetha
  • Maniam, Gaanty Pragas
  • Khairuddean, Melati

Abstract

A sequential esterification and transesterification method was used successfully to convert high free fatty acid oil into biodiesel with almost 100% conversion. The esterification system was catalysed by ferric-alginate beads (0.16:1 ferric-alginate beads to lauric acid mass ratio, 15:1 methanol to lauric acid molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature (65 °C), reaction time of 3 h) and transesterification was catalysed by boiler ash-calcium oxide mix (3 wt.% boiler ash, calcium oxide according to the stoichiometric amount of water produced in esterification, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature (65 °C), reaction time of 0.5 h). Calcium oxide played a dual role to absorb the water produced by the esterification of free fatty acid and also as an active species for transesterification of triglycerides. This method was effectively used to convert palm fatty acid distillate to biodiesel with 100% conversion.

Suggested Citation

  • Peng-Lim, Boey & Ganesan, Shangeetha & Maniam, Gaanty Pragas & Khairuddean, Melati, 2012. "Sequential conversion of high free fatty acid oils into biodiesel using a new catalyst system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 132-139.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:46:y:2012:i:1:p:132-139
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.013
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544212006913
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.013?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Deng, Xin & Fang, Zhen & Liu, Yun-hu & Yu, Chang-Liu, 2011. "Production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil catalyzed by nanosized solid basic catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 777-784.
    2. Fernando, Sandun & Karra, Prashanth & Hernandez, Rafael & Jha, Saroj Kumar, 2007. "Effect of incompletely converted soybean oil on biodiesel quality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 844-851.
    3. Jang, Myung Gwi & Kim, Deog Keun & Park, Soon Chul & Lee, Jin Suk & Kim, Seung Wook, 2012. "Biodiesel production from crude canola oil by two-step enzymatic processes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 99-104.
    4. Boey, Peng-Lim & Ganesan, Shangeetha & Lim, Sze-Xooi & Lim, Sau-Lai & Maniam, Gaanty Pragas & Khairuddean, Melati, 2011. "Utilization of BA (boiler ash) as catalyst for transesterification of palm olein," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 5791-5796.
    5. ., 2005. "Introduction: Democracy and Exchange," Chapters, in: Democracy and Exchange, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Gürü, Metin & Koca, Atilla & Can, Özer & Çınar, Can & Şahin, Fatih, 2010. "Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 637-643.
    7. Chen, Kang-Shin & Lin, Yuan-Chung & Hsu, Kuo-Hsiang & Wang, Hsin-Kai, 2012. "Improving biodiesel yields from waste cooking oil by using sodium methoxide and a microwave heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 151-156.
    8. Satyanarayana, M. & Muraleedharan, C., 2011. "A comparative study of vegetable oil methyl esters (biodiesels)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 2129-2137.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ganesan, Shangeetha & Nadarajah, Sivajothi & Khairuddean, Melati & Teh, Geok Bee, 2019. "Studies on lauric acid conversion to methyl ester via catalytic esterification using ammonium ferric sulphate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 9-16.
    2. Ong, Lu Ki & Effendi, Chintya & Kurniawan, Alfin & Lin, Chun Xiang & Zhao, Xiu Song & Ismadji, Suryadi, 2013. "Optimization of catalyst-free production of biodiesel from Ceiba pentandra (kapok) oil with high free fatty acid contents," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 615-623.
    3. Badday, Ali Sabri & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Lee, Keat-Teong, 2013. "Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of crude Jatropha oil using cesium doped heteropolyacid catalyst: Interactions between process variables," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 283-291.
    4. Lokman, Ibrahim M. & Rashid, Umer & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin & Yunus, Robiah, 2015. "Methyl ester production from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated glucose-derived acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 347-354.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Avhad, M.R. & Marchetti, J.M., 2015. "A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 696-718.
    2. Mofijur, M. & Atabani, A.E. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Masum, B.M., 2013. "A study on the effects of promising edible and non-edible biodiesel feedstocks on engine performance and emissions production: A comparative evaluation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 391-404.
    3. Ezebor, Francis & Khairuddean, Melati & Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi & Boey, Peng Lim, 2014. "Oil palm trunk and sugarcane bagasse derived heterogeneous acid catalysts for production of fatty acid methyl esters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 493-503.
    4. Soares Dias, Ana Paula & Bernardo, Joana & Felizardo, Pedro & Neiva Correia, Maria Joana, 2012. "Biodiesel production over thermal activated cerium modified Mg-Al hydrotalcites," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 344-353.
    5. Keskin, Ahmet, 2018. "Two-step methyl ester production and characterization from the broiler rendering fat: The optimization of the first step," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 216-224.
    6. Zhu, Qing-li & Shao, Rong & Dong, Rui & Yun, Zhi, 2014. "An integrated approach for obtaining biodiesel, sterols, gossypol, and raffinose from cottonseed on a biorefinery concept," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 149-158.
    7. Fazal, M.A. & Haseeb, A.S.M.A. & Masjuki, H.H., 2012. "Degradation of automotive materials in palm biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 76-83.
    8. Atabani, A.E. & Silitonga, A.S. & Ong, H.C. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Fayaz, H., 2013. "Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 211-245.
    9. Ming-Chien Hsiao & Jui-Yang Kuo & Pei-Hsuan Hsieh & Shuhn-Shyurng Hou, 2018. "Improving Biodiesel Conversions from Blends of High- and Low-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oils Using Sodium Methoxide as a Catalyst Based on a High Speed Homogenizer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, August.
    10. Ming-Chien Hsiao & Peir-Horng Liao & Nguyen Vu Lan & Shuhn-Shyurng Hou, 2021. "Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-11, January.
    11. Takase, Mohammed & Zhao, Ting & Zhang, Min & Chen, Yao & Liu, Hongyang & Yang, Liuqing & Wu, Xiangyang, 2015. "An expatiate review of neem, jatropha, rubber and karanja as multipurpose non-edible biodiesel resources and comparison of their fuel, engine and emission properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 495-520.
    12. Lin, Jintai & Zeng, Zhi & Ma, Qianmin & Wang, Qianming & Zhang, Yanfen, 2014. "Effects of multiple irradiations on luminescent materials and energy savings – A case study for the synthesis of BaMO4: Ln3+ (M = W, Mo; Ln = Eu, Tb) phosphors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 551-556.
    13. Behçet, Rasim & Yumrutaş, Recep & Oktay, Hasan, 2014. "Effects of fuels produced from fish and cooking oils on performance and emissions of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 645-655.
    14. Zhu, Yixin & Xu, Jianchu & Mortimer, Peter E., 2011. "The influence of seed and oil storage on the acid levels of rubber seed oil, derived from Hevea brasiliensis grown in Xishuangbanna, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5403-5408.
    15. Silitonga, A.S. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Ong, H.C. & Atabani, A.E. & Chong, W.T., 2013. "A global comparative review of biodiesel production from jatropha curcas using different homogeneous acid and alkaline catalysts: Study of physical and chemical properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 514-533.
    16. Kumar, Niraj & Varun, & Chauhan, Sant Ram, 2013. "Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different origins: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 633-658.
    17. Rashid, Umer & Rehman, Hafiz Abdul & Hussain, Irshad & Ibrahim, Muhammad & Haider, Muhammad Sajjad, 2011. "Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) seed oil: A potential non-food oil source for biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5632-5639.
    18. Atabani, A.E. & Silitonga, A.S. & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mekhilef, S., 2012. "A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2070-2093.
    19. Sri Kurniati & Sudjito Soeparman & Sudarminto Setyo Yuwono & Lukman Hakim & Sudirman Syam, 2019. "A Novel Process for Production of Calophyllum Inophyllum Biodiesel with Electromagnetic Induction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, January.
    20. Gupta, Anilkumar R. & Rathod, Virendra K., 2018. "Calcium diglyceroxide catalyzed biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in the presence of microwave: Optimization and kinetic studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 757-767.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:46:y:2012:i:1:p:132-139. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.