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Heat pipe based cold energy storage systems for datacenter energy conservation

Author

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  • Singh, Randeep
  • Mochizuki, Masataka
  • Mashiko, Koichi
  • Nguyen, Thang

Abstract

In the present paper, design and economics of the novel type of thermal control system for datacenter using heat pipe based cold energy storage has been proposed and discussed. Two types of cold energy storage system namely: ice storage system and cold water storage system are explained and sized for datacenter with heat output capacity of 8800 kW. Basically, the cold energy storage will help to reduce the chiller running time that will save electricity related cost and decrease greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the electricity generation from non-renewable sources. The proposed cold energy storage system can be retrofit or connected in the existing datacenter facilities without major design changes. Out of the two proposed systems, ice based cold energy storage system is mainly recommended for datacenters which are located in very cold locations and therefore can offer long term seasonal storage of cold energy within reasonable cost. One of the potential application domains for ice based cold energy storage system using heat pipes is the emergency backup system for datacenter. Water based cold energy storage system provides more compact size with short term storage (hours to days) and is potential for datacenters located in areas with yearly average temperature below the permissible cooling water temperature (∼25 °C). The aforesaid cold energy storage systems were sized on the basis of metrological conditions in Poughkeepsie, New York. As an outcome of the thermal and cost analysis, water based cold energy storage system with cooling capability to handle 60% of datacenter yearly heat load will provide an optimum system size with minimum payback period of 3.5 years. Water based cold energy storage system using heat pipes can be essentially used as precooler for chiller. Preliminary results obtained from the experimental system to test the capability of heat pipe based cold energy storage system have provided satisfactory outcomes and validated the proposed system concept.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, Randeep & Mochizuki, Masataka & Mashiko, Koichi & Nguyen, Thang, 2011. "Heat pipe based cold energy storage systems for datacenter energy conservation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2802-2811.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:5:p:2802-2811
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.021
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jouhara, Hussam & Ajji, Zaki & Koudsi, Yahia & Ezzuddin, Hatem & Mousa, Nisreen, 2013. "Experimental investigation of an inclined-condenser wickless heat pipe charged with water and an ethanol–water azeotropic mixture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 139-147.
    2. Ding, Tao & Chen, Xiaoxuan & Cao, Hanwen & He, Zhiguang & Wang, Jianmin & Li, Zhen, 2021. "Principles of loop thermosyphon and its application in data center cooling systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    3. Chernysheva, M.A. & Yushakova, S.I. & Maydanik, Yu.F., 2014. "Copper–water loop heat pipes for energy-efficient cooling systems of supercomputers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 534-542.
    4. Zhang, Hainan & Shao, Shuangquan & Xu, Hongbo & Zou, Huiming & Tian, Changqing, 2014. "Free cooling of data centers: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 171-182.
    5. Chernysheva, Mariya A. & Pastukhov, Vladimir G. & Maydanik, Yury F., 2013. "Analysis of heat exchange in the compensation chamber of a loop heat pipe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 253-262.
    6. Li, Xingping & Li, Ji & Zhou, Guohui & Lv, Lucang, 2020. "Quantitative analysis of passive seasonal cold storage with a two-phase closed thermosyphon," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    7. Yan, Chengchu & Shi, Wenxing & Li, Xianting & Wang, Shengwei, 2016. "A seasonal cold storage system based on separate type heat pipe for sustainable building cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 880-889.
    8. Bouchenna, Chafea & Huchet, Florian & Aramiou, Carl & Hamard, Erwan & Le Guen, Laurédan & Paul, Jean-Marc, 2021. "Heat exchanger design based on earthen materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    9. Chao, Jingwei & Xu, Jiaxing & Xiang, Shizhao & Bai, Zhaoyuan & Yan, Taisen & Wang, Pengfei & Wang, Ruzhu & Li, Tingxian, 2023. "High energy-density and power-density cold storage enabled by sorption thermal battery based on liquid-gas phase change process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    10. Yan, Chengchu & Wang, Fengling & Pan, Yan & Shan, Kui & Kosonen, Risto, 2020. "A multi-timescale cold storage system within energy flexible buildings for power balance management of smart grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 626-634.
    11. Kim, Min-Hwi & Ham, Sang-Woo & Park, Jun-Seok & Jeong, Jae-Weon, 2014. "Impact of integrated hot water cooling and desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling systems on energy savings in a data center," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 384-396.
    12. Yan, Chengchu & Shi, Wenxing & Li, Xianting & Zhao, Yang, 2016. "Optimal design and application of a compound cold storage system combining seasonal ice storage and chilled water storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1-11.
    13. Wang, Zhangyuan & Zhao, Xudong & Han, Zhonghe & Luo, Liang & Xiang, Jinwei & Zheng, Senglin & Liu, Guangming & Yu, Min & Cui, Yu & Shittu, Samson & Hu, Menglong, 2021. "Advanced big-data/machine-learning techniques for optimization and performance enhancement of the heat pipe technology – A review and prospective study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    14. Liu, Zichu & Quan, Zhenhua & Zhang, Nan & Wang, Yubo & Yang, Mingguang & Zhao, Yaohua, 2023. "Energy and exergy analysis of a novel direct-expansion ice thermal storage system based on three-fluid heat exchanger module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PB).
    15. Chu, Wen-Xiao & Wang, Chi-Chuan, 2019. "A review on airflow management in data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 84-119.
    16. Jouhara, Hussam & Ezzuddin, Hatem, 2013. "Thermal performance characteristics of a wraparound loop heat pipe (WLHP) charged with R134A," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 128-138.

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