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Energy and economic analysis of traditional versus introduced crops cultivation in the mountains of the Indian Himalayas: A case study

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  • Nautiyal, Sunil
  • Kaechele, H.
  • Rao, K.S.
  • Maikhuri, R.K.
  • Saxena, K.G.

Abstract

This study analyzed the energy and economics associated with cultivation of traditional and introduced crops in the mountains of the Central Himalaya, India. The production cost in terms of energy for introduced crops such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivation was 90,358–320,516MJha−1 as compared to between 19,814 and 42,380MJha−1 for traditional crops within Himalayan agroecosystems. For the introduced crops, high energy and monetary input was associated with human labor, forest resources, chemical fertilizer and pesticides. However, energy threshold/projection for farmyard manure in traditional crop cultivation was 80–90% of the total energy cost, thus traditional crop cultivation was more efficient in energy and economics. During the study, the farm productivity of introduced crops cultivation declined with increasing years of cultivation. Consequently, the energy output from the system has been declining at the rate of −y20,598 to y20,748MJha−1yr−1 for tomato and y12,072 to y15,056MJha−1yr−1 for bell pepper under irrigated and rain-fed land use in the mountains, respectively. The comparative analysis on this paradigm shift indicates that more research is needed to support sustainable crop cultivation in the fragile Himalayan environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Nautiyal, Sunil & Kaechele, H. & Rao, K.S. & Maikhuri, R.K. & Saxena, K.G., 2007. "Energy and economic analysis of traditional versus introduced crops cultivation in the mountains of the Indian Himalayas: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2321-2335.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:12:p:2321-2335
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.07.011
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    2. Prabhakar, S.V.R.K. & Elder, Mark, 2009. "Biofuels and resource use efficiency in developing Asia: Back to basics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 30-36, November.
    3. Unakitan, G. & Hurma, H. & Yilmaz, F., 2010. "An analysis of energy use efficiency of canola production in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3623-3627.
    4. Abid Hussain & Golam Rasul & Bidhubhusan Mahapatra & Sabarnee Tuladhar, 2016. "Household food security in the face of climate change in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 8(5), pages 921-937, October.
    5. Kumar, Ashok & Singh, Dilip & Mahapatra, S.K., 2022. "Energy and carbon budgeting of the pearl millet-wheat cropping system for environmentally sustainable agricultural land use planning in the rainfed semi-arid agro-ecosystem of Aravalli foothills," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    6. Vivek Khambalkar & Jyoti Pohare & Sachin Katkhede & Dipak Bunde & Shilpa Dahatonde, 2010. "Energy and Economic Evaluation of Farm Operations in Crop Production," Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 2(4), pages 191-191, November.
    7. Mileusnić, Z.I. & Petrović, D.V. & Đević, M.S., 2010. "Comparison of tillage systems according to fuel consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 221-228.
    8. Muhammad Khurshid & Mohammad Nafees & Abdullah Khan & He Yin & Wahid Ullah & Wajid Rashid & Heesup Han & Akhtar Hussain Lashari, 2022. "Off-Season Agriculture Encroachment in the Uplands of Northern Pakistan: Need for Sustainable Land Management," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-14, April.

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