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Investigations of combustion characteristics and mechanism of backfire-induced super-knock in a turbocharged hydrogen engine

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Xiang-yu
  • Sun, Bai-gang
  • Zhang, Shi-wei
  • Bao, Ling-zhi
  • Luo, Qing-he
  • Leach, Felix
  • Zhang, Yan-zhong

Abstract

Hydrogen internal combustion engines have been demonstrated to offer high power with zero carbon emissions. However, knock pose a significant obstacle to enhancing hydrogen engine performance further. Super knock commonly occurs in highly boosted engines with low-speed pre-ignition regimes while a critical super-knock induced by backfire with a new mechanism is detected in hydrogen engines. Experiments and multi-cycle numerical simulations are conducted on a 5.13 L port fuel injection turbocharged hydrogen engine. The results indicate that backfire leads to a maximum pressure amplitude oscillation of 134.7 bar super-knock in the next cycle, which is attributed by twice auto-ignition at −1.3/3.6 °CA. Backfire rises the local temperature to 915 K at the bottom of the cylinder and scrambled hydrogen distribution, leading to large locally rich regions of lambda = 1.2, a lean mixture of lambda = 2.9 near the spark plug, results in 5.4 × 10−4/2 × 10−3 maximum mass fraction of HO2/H2O2. The mechanism of super-knock induced by backfire and normal knock caused by advanced ignition are compared, the unburned region size is positively correlated with the knock intensity. This study of super-knock induced by backfire mechanism is first proposed and it reveals insights of avoiding super-knock, thereby achieving higher performance hydrogen engines.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Xiang-yu & Sun, Bai-gang & Zhang, Shi-wei & Bao, Ling-zhi & Luo, Qing-he & Leach, Felix & Zhang, Yan-zhong, 2024. "Investigations of combustion characteristics and mechanism of backfire-induced super-knock in a turbocharged hydrogen engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:312:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224032298
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133453
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng, Hongqing & Suo, Xinghan & Xiao, Shuwen & Chen, Xiaofan & Zhang, Zhisong & Gao, Ning & Zheng, Zunqing, 2023. "Numerical simulation on the effects of n-butanol combined with intake dilution on engine knock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
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