Application of pressure small signals extraction and amplification technology in abandoned well pattern for geothermal energy extraction and H2 storage: Numerical modeling and economic analysis

Using abandoned reservoirs for geothermal energy development and H2 storage is economical. The impact of complex fractures from long-term oil and gas extraction on geothermal energy and H2 storage is not yet clearly understood. Here, a pressure small signals extraction and amplification (PSEA) technology is developed to improve reservoir monitoring accuracy. This technology is capable of coupling many pressure transient analysis models to invert parameters for multiple scenarios. This work establishes numerical models to simulate the effects of geothermal energy extraction and H2 storage over 5000 days. Results show that this technology improves the accuracy of inverted parameters by 4–14 times. This technology adjusts the production temperature differences in a single injection-production system from 1.4K to 6.5K and the net heat power from 0.25 MW to 1.1 MW, and it can also identify an early low-rate H2 storage phase. The Non-Sorting Genetic Algorithm II calculates that the PSEA technology brings economic benefits of $704,000 and $352,000 for geothermal energy extraction and H2 storage in a single injection-production system. In conclusion, the developed monitoring technology and models improve accuracy in assessing geothermal energy development and H2 storage, preventing failures in residential heating or H2 storage projects.