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Electrification of residential and commercial buildings integrated with hybrid renewable energy systems: A techno-economic analysis

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  • Khosravani, Ali
  • DeHaan, Matthew
  • Billings, Blake W.
  • Powell, Kody M.

Abstract

This study assesses the techno-economic viability of city-scale building electrification, comparing a base case scenario with conventional HVAC systems to an electrified scenario with heat pump systems. EnergyPlus simulations reveal a 28% increase in annual electricity consumption in the electrified scenario, shifting the peak consumption from summer to winter with a 49% surge. Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) are then evaluated using HOMER Pro, considering renewable penetration from 0% to 100%. The net present cost (NPC) of the base case and electrified scenarios range from $10.34 to $24.38 billion and $8.79 to $50.31 billion, respectively. Sensitivity analysis explores the impact of carbon tax, fuel price, and renewable subsidies on HRESs in the electrified scenario. Results indicate that applying a carbon tax up to $120/tonne of CO2 increases the optimum renewable fraction from 5% to 26%, while higher fuel prices and renewable subsidies further enhance the feasibility by shifting the optimum renewable fraction to 60% and 54%, respectively, demonstrating the interplay between economic factors and renewable integration in electrified urban contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Khosravani, Ali & DeHaan, Matthew & Billings, Blake W. & Powell, Kody M., 2024. "Electrification of residential and commercial buildings integrated with hybrid renewable energy systems: A techno-economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:302:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224016669
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131893
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Gabrielli, Paolo & Poluzzi, Alessandro & Kramer, Gert Jan & Spiers, Christopher & Mazzotti, Marco & Gazzani, Matteo, 2020. "Seasonal energy storage for zero-emissions multi-energy systems via underground hydrogen storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    4. White, Philip R. & Rhodes, Joshua D. & Wilson, Eric J.H. & Webber, Michael E., 2021. "Quantifying the impact of residential space heating electrification on the Texas electric grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    5. Sorknæs, Peter & Johannsen, Rasmus M. & Korberg, Andrei D. & Nielsen, Tore B. & Petersen, Uni R. & Mathiesen, Brian V., 2022. "Electrification of the industrial sector in 100% renewable energy scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
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