IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v29y2004i2p191-210.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy effects of heat-island reduction strategies in Toronto, Canada

Author

Listed:
  • Akbari, Hashem
  • Konopacki, Steven

Abstract

The effect of heat-island reduction (HIR) strategies on annual energy savings and peak-power avoidance of the building sector of the Greater Toronto Area is calculated, using an hourly building energy simulation model. Results show that ratepayers could realize potential annual energy savings of over $11M from the effects of HIR strategies. The residential sector accounts for over half (59%) of the total savings, offices 13% and retail stores 28%. Savings from cool roofs are about 20%, shade trees 30%, wind shielding of trees 37%, and ambient cooling by trees and reflective surfaces 12%. These results are preliminary and highly sensitive to the relative price of gas and electricity. Potential annual electrticity savings are estimated at about 150 GWh and potential peak power avoidance at 250 MW.

Suggested Citation

  • Akbari, Hashem & Konopacki, Steven, 2004. "Energy effects of heat-island reduction strategies in Toronto, Canada," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 191-210.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:29:y:2004:i:2:p:191-210
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2003.09.004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544203002421
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2003.09.004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Akbari, Hashem & Taha, Haider, 1992. "The impact of trees and white surfaces on residential heating and cooling energy use in four Canadian cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 141-149.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hirano, Y. & Fujita, T., 2012. "Evaluation of the impact of the urban heat island on residential and commercial energy consumption in Tokyo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 371-383.
    2. Zingre, Kishor T. & Wan, Man Pun & Yang, Xingguo, 2015. "A new RTTV (roof thermal transfer value) calculation method for cool roofs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 222-232.
    3. Yutong Tang & Fengyu Gao & Chen Wang & Merit M. Huang & Mabao Wu & Heng Li & Zhuo Li, 2023. "Vertical Greenery System (VGS) Renovation for Sustainable Arcade-Housing: Building Energy Efficiency Analysis Based on Digital Twin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Zingre, Kishor T. & Wan, Man Pun & Tong, Shanshan & Li, Hua & Chang, Victor W.-C. & Wong, Swee Khian & Thian Toh, Winston Boo & Leng Lee, Irene Yen, 2015. "Modeling of cool roof heat transfer in tropical climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 210-223.
    5. Bevilacqua, Piero, 2021. "The effectiveness of green roofs in reducing building energy consumptions across different climates. A summary of literature results," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    6. Manuela Neri & Mariagrazia Pilotelli & Marco Traversi & Elisa Levi & Edoardo Alessio Piana & Mariasole Bannó & Eva Cuerva & Pablo Pujadas & Alfredo Guardo, 2021. "Conversion of End-of-Life Household Materials into Building Insulating Low-Cost Solutions for the Development of Vulnerable Contexts: Review and Outlook towards a Circular and Sustainable Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Zhuoran Shan & Yuehui An & L’ei Xu & Man Yuan, 2021. "High-Temperature Disaster Risk Assessment for Urban Communities: A Case Study in Wuhan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Anna Zaręba & Alicja Krzemińska & Renata Kozik, 2021. "Urban Vertical Farming as an Example of Nature-Based Solutions Supporting a Healthy Society Living in the Urban Environment," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, October.
    9. Gago, E.J. & Roldan, J. & Pacheco-Torres, R. & Ordóñez, J., 2013. "The city and urban heat islands: A review of strategies to mitigate adverse effects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 749-758.
    10. Deng, Ji-Yu & Wong, Nyuk Hien & Zheng, Xin, 2021. "Effects of street geometries on building cooling demand in Nanjing, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    11. Taleghani, Mohammad, 2018. "Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2011-2018.
    12. Athanasios Tzempelikos & Seungjae Lee, 2021. "Cool Roofs in the US: The Impact of Roof Reflectivity, Insulation and Attachment Method on Annual Energy Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    13. Zingre, Kishor T. & Wan, Man Pun & Wong, Swee Khian & Toh, Winston Boo Thian & Lee, Irene Yen Leng, 2015. "Modelling of cool roof performance for double-skin roofs in tropical climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 813-826.
    14. Doug, Banting & Hitesh, Doshi & James, Li & Paul, Missios, 2005. "Report on the Environmental Benefits and Costs of Green Roof Technology for the City of Toronto," MPRA Paper 70526, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Yang, Jiachuan & Wang, Zhi-Hua & Kaloush, Kamil E., 2015. "Environmental impacts of reflective materials: Is high albedo a ‘silver bullet’ for mitigating urban heat island?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 830-843.
    16. Seong-Il Park & Taek-Hyoung Ryu & Ick-Chang Choi & Jung-Sup Um, 2019. "Evaluating the Operational Potential of LRV Signatures Derived from UAV Imagery in Performance Evaluation of Cool Roofs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
    17. Barrak Alahmad & Linda Powers Tomasso & Ali Al-Hemoud & Peter James & Petros Koutrakis, 2020. "Spatial Distribution of Land Surface Temperatures in Kuwait: Urban Heat and Cool Islands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-12, April.
    18. Jaehong Park & Sugie Lee, 2022. "Effects of a Cool Roof System on the Mitigation of Building Temperature: Empirical Evidence from a Field Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, April.
    19. Anna Laura Pisello & Franco Cotana & Andrea Nicolini & Lucia Brinchi, 2013. "Development of Clay Tile Coatings for Steep-Sloped Cool Roofs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-17, July.
    20. Vasco Granadeiro & Margarida Almeida & Tiago Souto & Vítor Leal & João Machado & Adélio Mendes, 2020. "Thermochromic Paints on External Surfaces: Impact Assessment for a Residential Building through Thermal and Energy Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, April.
    21. Jo, J.H. & Carlson, J. & Golden, J.S. & Bryan, H., 2010. "Sustainable urban energy: Development of a mesoscale assessment model for solar reflective roof technologies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 7951-7959, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ou Deng & Yiqiu Li & Ruoshuang Li & Guangbin Yang, 2022. "Estimation of Forest Ecosystem Climate Regulation Service Based on Actual Evapotranspiration of New Urban Areas in Guanshanhu District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Wang, Zhi-Hua & Zhao, Xiaoxi & Yang, Jiachuan & Song, Jiyun, 2016. "Cooling and energy saving potentials of shade trees and urban lawns in a desert city," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 437-444.
    3. Yingjie Jiang & Changguang Wu & Mingjun Teng, 2020. "Impact of Residential Building Layouts on Microclimate in a High Temperature and High Humidity Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Sophia Kappou & Manolis Souliotis & Spiros Papaefthimiou & Giorgos Panaras & John A. Paravantis & Evanthie Michalena & Jeremy Maxwell Hills & Andreas P. Vouros & Aikaterini Ntymenou & Giouli Mihalakak, 2022. "Cool Pavements: State of the Art and New Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-32, April.
    5. Stella Tsoka & Katerina Tsikaloudaki & Theodoros Theodosiou, 2019. "Coupling a Building Energy Simulation Tool with a Microclimate Model to Assess the Impact of Cool Pavements on the Building’s Energy Performance Application in a Dense Residential Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Hideki Takebayashi, 2016. "High-Reflectance Technology on Building Façades: Installation Guidelines for Pedestrian Comfort," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-9, August.
    7. Peter N. Duinker & Camilo Ordóñez & James W. N. Steenberg & Kyle H. Miller & Sydney A. Toni & Sophie A. Nitoslawski, 2015. "Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Jamei, Elmira & Rajagopalan, Priyadarsini & Seyedmahmoudian, Mohammadmehdi & Jamei, Yashar, 2016. "Review on the impact of urban geometry and pedestrian level greening on outdoor thermal comfort," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1002-1017.
    9. Cuce, Erdem, 2017. "Thermal regulation impact of green walls: An experimental and numerical investigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 247-254.
    10. Rouhollahi, Mina & Whaley, David & Behrend, Monica & Byrne, Josh & Boland, John, 2022. "The role of residential tree arrangement: A scoping review of energy efficiency in temperate to subtropical climate zones," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    11. Megat Mohd Ghaza Rahman & Maryanti Mohd Raid & Asmma' Che Kasim & Khadijah Hussin, 2015. "Impact Of Indoor Environmental Quality And Innovation Features On Residential Property Price And Rent In Malaysia: A Review," ERES eres2015_133, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    12. Anna Laura Pisello & Maria Saliari & Konstantina Vasilakopoulou & Shamila Hadad & Mattheos Santamouris, 2018. "Facing the urban overheating: Recent developments. Mitigation potential and sensitivity of the main technologies," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(4), July.
    13. Young-Eun Woo & Gi-Hyoug Cho, 2018. "Impact of the Surrounding Built Environment on Energy Consumption in Mixed-Use Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Yekang Ko & John D Radke, 2014. "The Effect of Urban Form and Residential Cooling Energy Use in Sacramento, California," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 41(4), pages 573-593, August.
    15. Muhammad Rayan & Dietwald Gruehn & Umer Khayyam, 2022. "Frameworks for Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) Indicators: Expert and Community Outlook toward Green Climate-Resilient Cities in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-30, June.
    16. Patryk Antoszewski & Dariusz Świerk & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2020. "Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-36, September.
    17. Pigliautile, Ilaria & Chàfer, Marta & Pisello, Anna Laura & Pérez, Gabriel & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2020. "Inter-building assessment of urban heat island mitigation strategies: Field tests and numerical modelling in a simplified-geometry experimental set-up," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1663-1675.
    18. Céline Grislain-Letrémy & Julie Sixou & Aurélie Sotura, 2024. "Urban Heat Islands and Inequalities: Evidence from French Cities," Working papers 966, Banque de France.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:29:y:2004:i:2:p:191-210. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.