Uncertain parameters adjustable two-stage robust optimization of a rural housing integrated energy system considering biomass on-site utilization

Rural areas will be an important component to achieve carbon neutrality. However, there are currently issues such as an unreasonable energy consumption structure and low efficiency in renewable energy utilization. It is urgent to propose an energy optimization solution to address these problems. Therefore, considering the advantages of renewable energy in rural areas and the diversified and decentralized energy consumption patterns of rural households, a rural housing integrated energy system (RHIES) is proposed, which includes photovoltaics and a biomass utilization chain through self-production and local consumption. Subsequently, considering the economic and low-carbon aspects of the system's operational process, an uncertain parameters adjustable two-stage robust optimization model (UPATSRO) is developed to achieve a balance between robustness and economic efficiency during the scheduling optimization process. The results of case study indicate that the proposed RHIES reduces costs and carbon emissions by 28.15% and 93.83%, respectively, compared to conventional approaches. The biomass utilization mode satisfies 52.31% of the gas load and 39.71% of the thermal load for households. Additionally, it is shown that the proposed UPATSRO optimization model can achieve a flexible adjustment of scheduling schemes during the scheduling optimization process.