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Co-hydrothermal carbonization of rape straw and microalgae: pH-enhanced carbonization process to obtain clean hydrochar

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Xiangmin
  • Fan, Yuwei
  • Zhai, Yunbo
  • Liu, Xiaoping
  • Wang, Zhexian
  • Zhu, Ya
  • Shi, Haoran
  • Li, Caiting
  • Zhu, Yun

Abstract

In this study, co-hydrothermal carbonization of rape straw and microalgae was conducted for clean hydrochar. The effect of different feedwater pH values (pH = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12) on co-HTC and the mechanism of enhanced N, S, and O removal were revealed. The acidic and alkaline environment of the feedwater exacerbates the carbonization process. The higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochar formed at pH = 1 reach 22.30 MJ/kg but the value of feedstock is only 13.87 MJ/kg. Deamination and deoxidation were the main method for protein degradation to remove N, S, and O from hydrochar. O/C, N/C, and S/C ratios of hydrochar reduced and the removal fraction of N, S, and O was 84.61%, 79.84%, and 81.80% of the hydrochar formed at pH = 1, respectively. Results showed that the acidic enhanced the content of aromatic clusters in aqueous increases, and the deoxidized hydrochar with high HHV was obtained. GC-MS analysis indicates that the aromatic clusters were formed in acidic and neutral conditions, while long-chain alkanes in alkaline. N-containing organic substances existing in the aqueous product were removed from the hydrochar by solid-liquid separation.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xiangmin & Fan, Yuwei & Zhai, Yunbo & Liu, Xiaoping & Wang, Zhexian & Zhu, Ya & Shi, Haoran & Li, Caiting & Zhu, Yun, 2022. "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of rape straw and microalgae: pH-enhanced carbonization process to obtain clean hydrochar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:257:y:2022:i:c:s036054422201636x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124733
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    1. Shen, Qian & Zhu, Xianqing & Peng, Yang & Xu, Mian & Huang, Yun & Xia, Ao & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang, 2024. "Structure evolution characteristic of hydrochar and nitrogen transformation mechanism during co-hydrothermal carbonization process of microalgae and biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    2. Joanna Mikusińska & Monika Kuźnia & Klaudia Czerwińska & Małgorzata Wilk, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Kossińska, Nina & Grosser, Anna & Kwapińska, Marzena & Kwapiński, Witold & Ghazal, Heba & Jouhara, Hussam & Krzyżyńska, Renata, 2024. "Co-hydrothermal carbonization as a potential method of utilising digested sludge and screenings from wastewater treatment plants towards energy application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).

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