IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v249y2022ics0360544222004571.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cooling supply costs of a university campus

Author

Listed:
  • Schüppler, Simon
  • Fleuchaus, Paul
  • Duchesne, Antoine
  • Blum, Philipp

Abstract

Global climate change and growing research activities lead to increasing cooling demands and related supply costs at universities, while at the same time ambitious goals towards carbon neutral campuses are established. Hence, universities are facing the challenge to develop large scale future-proof cooling solutions. This also applies to the Campus North of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), where the current cooling supply, consisting of decentralized rooftop compression chillers, is insufficiently monitored resulting in a lack of knowledge on supply costs and cooling needs of each facility. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the current cooling supply and related cost by the analysis of 47 compression chillers supplying 23 buildings at the campus. To compensate for the given uncertainties of the provided input parameters, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed revealing cooling costs ranging between 5.4 and 11.4 eurocent per kWh. The overall supplied energy and installed cooling capacity amount to 70 GWh and 20 MW, respectively. Cumulative annual costs of 4.5 € million, mainly resulting from the electricity costs to power the chillers, request for a transition to a decentralized and more efficient cooling supply by integrating renewable cooling supply solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Schüppler, Simon & Fleuchaus, Paul & Duchesne, Antoine & Blum, Philipp, 2022. "Cooling supply costs of a university campus," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:249:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222004571
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123554
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222004571
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123554?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muntasir Murshed, 2020. "Electricity conservation opportunities within private university campuses in Bangladesh," Energy & Environment, , vol. 31(2), pages 256-274, March.
    2. Buffa, Simone & Cozzini, Marco & D’Antoni, Matteo & Baratieri, Marco & Fedrizzi, Roberto, 2019. "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 504-522.
    3. Montagud, Carla & Corberán, José Miguel & Ruiz-Calvo, Félix, 2013. "Experimental and modeling analysis of a ground source heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 328-336.
    4. Opel, O. & Strodel, N. & Werner, K.F. & Geffken, J. & Tribel, A. & Ruck, W.K.L., 2017. "Climate-neutral and sustainable campus Leuphana University of Lueneburg," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2628-2639.
    5. Shakouri G., Hamed, 2019. "The share of cooling electricity in global warming: Estimation of the loop gain for the positive feedback," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 747-761.
    6. Naicker, Selvaraj S. & Rees, Simon J., 2018. "Performance analysis of a large geothermal heating and cooling system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 429-442.
    7. Bas J. van Ruijven & Enrica De Cian & Ian Sue Wing, 2019. "Amplification of future energy demand growth due to climate change," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Bloemendal, Martin & Jaxa-Rozen, Marc & Olsthoorn, Theo, 2018. "Methods for planning of ATES systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 534-557.
    9. Simon Pezzutto & Matteo De Felice & Reza Fazeli & Lukas Kranzl & Stefano Zambotti, 2017. "Status Quo of the Air-Conditioning Market in Europe: Assessment of the Building Stock," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, August.
    10. Valerie Eveloy & Dereje S. Ayou, 2019. "Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-64, January.
    11. Rezaie, Behnaz & Rosen, Marc A., 2012. "District heating and cooling: Review of technology and potential enhancements," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 2-10.
    12. Verbič, Miroslav & Filipović, Sanja & Radovanović, Mirjana, 2017. "Electricity prices and energy intensity in Europe," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 58-68.
    13. Levesque, Antoine & Pietzcker, Robert C. & Baumstark, Lavinia & De Stercke, Simon & Grübler, Arnulf & Luderer, Gunnar, 2018. "How much energy will buildings consume in 2100? A global perspective within a scenario framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 514-527.
    14. Fleuchaus, Paul & Schüppler, Simon & Godschalk, Bas & Bakema, Guido & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Performance analysis of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1536-1548.
    15. Jakubcionis, Mindaugas & Carlsson, Johan, 2017. "Estimation of European Union residential sector space cooling potential," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 225-235.
    16. Fleuchaus, Paul & Godschalk, Bas & Stober, Ingrid & Blum, Philipp, 2018. "Worldwide application of aquifer thermal energy storage – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 861-876.
    17. Guerrieri, M. & La Gennusa, M. & Peri, G. & Rizzo, G. & Scaccianoce, G., 2019. "University campuses as small-scale models of cities: Quantitative assessment of a low carbon transition path," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Martínez-Ruiz, Yessenia & Manotas-Duque, Diego Fernando & Ramírez-Malule, Howard, 2023. "Financial risk assessment of a district cooling system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stemmle, Ruben & Blum, Philipp & Schüppler, Simon & Fleuchaus, Paul & Limoges, Melissa & Bayer, Peter & Menberg, Kathrin, 2021. "Environmental impacts of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    2. Romanov, D. & Leiss, B., 2022. "Geothermal energy at different depths for district heating and cooling of existing and future building stock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. Barth, Florian & Schüppler, Simon & Menberg, Kathrin & Blum, Philipp, 2023. "Estimating cooling capacities from aerial images using convolutional neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    4. Zabala, Laura & Febres, Jesus & Sterling, Raymond & López, Susana & Keane, Marcus, 2020. "Virtual testbed for model predictive control development in district cooling systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    5. Simon Pezzutto & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Andrea Zambito & Giulio Quaglini & Antonio Novelli & Marcus Hummel & Luigi Bottecchia & Eric Wilczynski, 2022. "Recent Advances in District Cooling Diffusion in the EU27+UK: An Assessment of the Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, March.
    6. Li, Xiang & Yilmaz, Selin & Patel, Martin K. & Chambers, Jonathan, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of fifth-generation district heating and cooling combined with seasonal borehole thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    7. Braungardt, Sibylle & Bürger, Veit & Zieger, Jana & Bosselaar, Lex, 2019. "How to include cooling in the EU Renewable Energy Directive? Strategies and policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 260-267.
    8. Beernink, Stijn & Bloemendal, Martin & Kleinlugtenbelt, Rob & Hartog, Niels, 2022. "Maximizing the use of aquifer thermal energy storage systems in urban areas: effects on individual system primary energy use and overall GHG emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    9. Qi, Cuiting & Zhou, Renjie & Zhan, Hongbin, 2023. "Analysis of heat transfer in an aquifer thermal energy storage system: On the role of two-dimensional thermal conduction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    10. Gunther Gehlert & Marlies Wiegand & Mariya Lymar & Stefan Huusmann, 2022. "Simultaneity in Renewable Building Energy Supply—A Case Study on a Lecturing and Exhibition Building on a University Campus Located in the Cfb Climate Zone," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, October.
    11. Imre Csáky & Tünde Kalmár & Ferend Kalmár, 2019. "Operation Testing of an Advanced Personalized Ventilation System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-13, April.
    12. Fleuchaus, Paul & Schüppler, Simon & Godschalk, Bas & Bakema, Guido & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Performance analysis of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1536-1548.
    13. Yingying Chen & Jian Zhu, 2019. "A Graph Theory-Based Method for Regional Integrated Energy Network Planning: A Case Study of a China–U.S. Low-Carbon Demonstration City," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-17, November.
    14. Simon Pezzutto & Giulio Quaglini & Andrea Zambito & Antonio Novelli & Philippe Riviere & Lukas Kranzl & Eric Wilczynski, 2022. "Potential Evolution of the Cooling Market in the EU27+UK: An Outlook until 2030," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, April.
    15. Ma, Zheng & Knotzer, Armin & Billanes, Joy Dalmacio & Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard, 2020. "A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    16. Fleuchaus, Paul & Godschalk, Bas & Stober, Ingrid & Blum, Philipp, 2018. "Worldwide application of aquifer thermal energy storage – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 861-876.
    17. Sommer, Tobias & Sulzer, Matthias & Wetter, Michael & Sotnikov, Artem & Mennel, Stefan & Stettler, Christoph, 2020. "The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    18. Abugabbara, Marwan & Lindhe, Jonas & Javed, Saqib & Johansson, Dennis & Claesson, Johan, 2024. "Comparative study and validation of a new analytical method for hydraulic modelling of bidirectional low temperature networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    19. Sommer, Tobias & Sotnikov, Artem & Sulzer, Matthias & Scholz, Volkher & Mischler, Stefan & Rismanchi, Behzad & Gjoka, Kristian & Mennel, Stefan, 2022. "Hydrothermal challenges in low-temperature networks with distributed heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    20. Omais Abdur Rehman & Valeria Palomba & Andrea Frazzica & Luisa F. Cabeza, 2021. "Enabling Technologies for Sector Coupling: A Review on the Role of Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-30, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:249:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222004571. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.