IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v247y2022ics0360544222003723.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Bi-objective optimization of transcritical CO2 heat pump systems

Author

Listed:
  • Okasha, Ahmed
  • Müller, Norbert
  • Deb, Kalyanmoy

Abstract

For the transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle, the gas cooler (GC) pressure can be controlled independently and it can be optimized for optimum COP. Control correlations can be developed offline either based on simulations or experiments or optimization can be done online in real time with continuous pressure and temperature measurements at different locations. The online methods provide more accurate results than the offline correlations, however, they have a long convergence time to the optimum value, especially if the initial GC pressure condition is far away from the optimum. In this paper, we investigate the transcritical cycle as a bi-objective optimization problem where COP and cooling/heating capacity are conflicting objectives with primarily optimizing the GC pressure for maximum cycle COP and maximum cooling or heating capacity which can be useful for transient conditions. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used, which generates for different operating conditions the best non-dominated solutions i.e. the Pareto Front that includes the maximum COP, max cooling capacity, and also the intermediate optimum trade-off solutions. The effect on the Pareto Front of each optimization variable; GC outlet temperature, evaporation temperature, evaporator useful superheat, and compressor speed is shown separately, where all except superheat have a significant effect on the Pareto Front. A control methodology is proposed where according to a pre-defined preference, steady-state or transient operation, an optimization parameter is set to either maximize cooling or heating capacity (e.g. obtaining comfort as soon as possible in transient operation), maximize COP (for minimum energy consumption) or operate at a trade-off point as desired. The proposed approach can be applied as an offline control method and it can also be integrated as a hybrid solution with any online optimization method. In both, whenever a new condition is imposed, the offline based bi-objective algorithm will provide a very close estimate of the optimum GC pressure. In a hybrid solution, the online optimizer will then start searching for the true optimum from this very close value and hence reach much faster to the true optimum value. Thus, yielding enhanced capabilities (bi-objective optimization of COP and Q˙c), and in a hybrid solution, additionally further enhanced accuracy (vs offline) with reduced convergence time to the optimum COP and Q˙c (vs online only). A gain to loss ratio in terms of the conflicting objectives (COP and capacity) is presented that can be used as a criteria for deciding whether to move from one solution to another on the Pareto Front.

Suggested Citation

  • Okasha, Ahmed & Müller, Norbert & Deb, Kalyanmoy, 2022. "Bi-objective optimization of transcritical CO2 heat pump systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:247:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222003723
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123469
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222003723
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123469?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hu, Bin & Li, Yaoyu & Cao, Feng & Xing, Ziwen, 2015. "Extremum seeking control of COP optimization for air-source transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 361-372.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ge, T.S. & Weng, Z.C. & Huang, R. & Hu, B. & Eikevik, Trygve Magne & Dai, Y.J., 2023. "High temperature transcritical CO2 heat pump with optimized tube-in-tube heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frank Bruno & Martin Belusko & Edward Halawa, 2019. "CO 2 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems—A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-39, August.
    2. Xiufang Liu & Changhai Liu & Ze Zhang & Liang Chen & Yu Hou, 2017. "Experimental Study on the Performance of Water Source Trans-Critical CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Liang, Youcai & Al-Tameemi, Mohammed & Yu, Zhibin, 2018. "Investigation of a gas-fuelled water heater based on combined power and heat pump cycles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1476-1488.
    4. Ignacio López Paniagua & Ángel Jiménez Álvaro & Javier Rodríguez Martín & Celina González Fernández & Rafael Nieto Carlier, 2019. "Comparison of Transcritical CO 2 and Conventional Refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heaters for Domestic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, February.
    5. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Guo, Zhikai & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "Experimental energetic analysis of CO2/R41 blends in automobile air-conditioning and heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1142-1153.
    6. Hongzeng Ji & Jinchen Pei & Jingyang Cai & Chen Ding & Fen Guo & Yichun Wang, 2023. "Review of Recent Advances in Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles and Their Development in the Vehicle Field," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    7. Liu, Xuetao & Hu, Yusheng & Wang, Qifan & Yao, Liang & Li, Minxia, 2021. "Energetic, environmental and economic comparative analyses of modified transcritical CO2 heat pump system to replace R134a system for home heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    8. Martin Belusko & Raymond Liddle & Alemu Alemu & Edward Halawa & Frank Bruno, 2019. "Performance Evaluation of a CO 2 Refrigeration System Enhanced with a Dew Point Cooler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-22, March.
    9. Zendehboudi, Alireza, 2024. "Optimal discharge pressure and performance characteristics of a transcritical CO2 heat pump system with a tri-partite gas cooler for combined space and water heating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    10. Rajib Uddin Rony & Huojun Yang & Sumathy Krishnan & Jongchul Song, 2019. "Recent Advances in Transcritical CO 2 (R744) Heat Pump System: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-35, January.
    11. Wang, Wenyi & Zhao, Zhongfan & Zhou, Qun & Qiao, Yiyuan & Cao, Feng, 2021. "Model predictive control for the operation of a transcritical CO2 air source heat pump water heater," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    12. Roberto Bruno & Francesco Nicoletti & Giorgio Cuconati & Stefania Perrella & Daniela Cirone, 2020. "Performance Indexes of an Air-Water Heat Pump Versus the Capacity Ratio: Analysis by Means of Experimental Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, July.
    13. Wang, Wenyi & Li, Yaoyu, 2019. "Intermediate pressure optimization for two-stage air-source heat pump with flash tank cycle vapor injection via extremum seeking," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 612-626.
    14. Singh Gaur, Ankita & Fitiwi, Desta & Curtis, John, 2019. "Heat pumps and their role in decarbonising heating Sector: a comprehensive review," Papers WP627, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    15. Tsamos, K.M. & Ge, Y.T. & Santosa, I.D.M.C. & Tassou, S.A., 2017. "Experimental investigation of gas cooler/condenser designs and effects on a CO2 booster system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 470-479.
    16. Xu, Yingjie & Mao, Chengbin & Huang, Yuangong & Shen, Xi & Xu, Xiaoxiao & Chen, Guangming, 2021. "Performance evaluation and multi-objective optimization of a low-temperature CO2 heat pump water heater based on artificial neural network and new economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    17. Ge, T.S. & Weng, Z.C. & Huang, R. & Hu, B. & Eikevik, Trygve Magne & Dai, Y.J., 2023. "High temperature transcritical CO2 heat pump with optimized tube-in-tube heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    18. Zhang, Qunli & Zhang, Lin & Nie, Jinzhe & Li, Yinlong, 2017. "Techno-economic analysis of air source heat pump applied for space heating in northern China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 533-542.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:247:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222003723. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.