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Energy efficiency and carbon footprints of rice-wheat system under long-term tillage and residue management practices in western Indo-Gangetic Plains in India

Author

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  • Singh, Ranbir
  • Singh, Ajay
  • Sheoran, Parvender
  • Fagodiya, R.K.
  • Rai, Arvind Kumar
  • Chandra, Priyanka
  • Rani, Sonia
  • Yadav, Rajender Kumar
  • Sharma, P.C.

Abstract

Conventional rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is carbon and energy intensive. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate energy budgeting, carbon footprints (CF) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from RWCS under long-term tillage and residue management practices. Experiment consisted six treatment combination of tillage [conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT)] and residue [with residue (+R) and without residue (–R)] namely (i) CT-R (conventional farmers’ practice), (ii) CT + R, (iii) RT-R, (iv) RT + R, (v) ZT-R and (vi) ZT + R. Energy consumption ranged from 51.87 GJ ha−1 (ZT-R) to 64.91 GJ ha−1 (CT + R) and irrigation water was major energy intensive input (41–44%) followed by chemical fertilizer (32–40%). Compared to CT-R, energy use efficiency (EUE) increased by 8.7–22.4%, CF lowered by 77.9–34.3%, and GHG emission lowered by 12.8–16.3% in different treatments. Residue addition enhanced the soil carbon accumulation in ZT + R (1213 kg C ha−1 yr−1) and RT + R (987 kg C ha−1 yr−1). Overall, switching from CT–R to ZT + R lowered energy consumption (19%), GHG emission (16%) and CF (78%), making it best-bet option for climate change mitigation and global warming related environmental protection in western IGP and similar agro–ecologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, Ranbir & Singh, Ajay & Sheoran, Parvender & Fagodiya, R.K. & Rai, Arvind Kumar & Chandra, Priyanka & Rani, Sonia & Yadav, Rajender Kumar & Sharma, P.C., 2022. "Energy efficiency and carbon footprints of rice-wheat system under long-term tillage and residue management practices in western Indo-Gangetic Plains in India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:244:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221029042
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122655
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    1. Kumar, Adarsh & Rana, K.S. & Choudhary, Anil K. & Bana, R.S. & Sharma, V.K. & Prasad, Shiv & Gupta, Gaurendra & Choudhary, Mukesh & Pradhan, Amaresh & Rajpoot, Sudhir K. & Kumar, Abhishek & Kumar, Ami, 2021. "Energy budgeting and carbon footprints of zero-tilled pigeonpea–wheat cropping system under sole or dual crop basis residue mulching and Zn-fertilization in a semi-arid agro-ecology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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