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Low-cost, low-emission 100% renewable electricity in Southeast Asia supported by pumped hydro storage

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  • Lu, Bin
  • Blakers, Andrew
  • Stocks, Matthew
  • Do, Thang Nam

Abstract

Rapid increases in electricity consumption in Southeast Asia caused by rising living standards and population raise concerns about energy security, affordability and environmental sustainability. In this study, the role of short-term off-river energy storage (STORES) in supporting 100% renewable electricity in Southeast Asia is investigated. Large-scale integration of off-river, closed-loop pumped hydro storage is a new approach to providing system flexibility facilitating high penetration of variable renewable energy in electricity systems. The features of STORES include large storage potential, high technology maturity and a long service life. Energy generation, storage and transmission are co-optimised based on long-term, high-resolution chronological energy data. A comparative analysis is undertaken between the scenarios with and without an intercontinental Asia-Pacific Super Grid. The results show that, with support provided by STORES, the Southeast Asian electricity industry can achieve very high penetration (78%–97%) of domestic solar and wind energy resources. The levelised costs of electricity range from 55 to 115 U.S. dollars per megawatt-hour based on 2020 technology costs. In the Super Grid scenarios, the costs change by −4% to +7% while the storage requirements reduce by 50%–89%. Renewable energy supported by STORES can be a cost-effective solution for Southeast Asia's energy transition, delivering long-term, substantial environmental benefits.

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  • Lu, Bin & Blakers, Andrew & Stocks, Matthew & Do, Thang Nam, 2021. "Low-cost, low-emission 100% renewable electricity in Southeast Asia supported by pumped hydro storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:236:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221016352
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121387
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    7. David Firnando Silalahi & Andrew Blakers & Bin Lu & Cheng Cheng, 2022. "Indonesia’s Vast Off-River Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Do, Thang Nam & Burke, Paul J., 2023. "Phasing out coal power in a developing country context: Insights from Vietnam," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
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    10. Michas, Serafeim & Flamos, Alexandros, 2023. "Are there preferable capacity combinations of renewables and storage? Exploratory quantifications along various technology deployment pathways," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    11. Tri Melda Mei Liana & Gloria J. M. Sianipar & Sunday Ade Sitorus & Heri Setiawan & Nunti Sibuea, 2024. "Indonesia’s Power Shift: Business Strategies for Renewable Energy and Social Justice," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(4), pages 150-159, July.
    12. Görtz, J. & Aouad, M. & Wieprecht, S. & Terheiden, K., 2022. "Assessment of pumped hydropower energy storage potential along rivers and shorelines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    13. Yang, Guoming & Yang, Dazhi & Liu, Bai & Zhang, Hao, 2024. "The role of short- and long-duration energy storage in reducing the cost of firm photovoltaic generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    14. Burke, Paul J. & Beck, Fiona J. & Aisbett, Emma & Baldwin, Kenneth G.H. & Stocks, Matthew & Pye, John & Venkataraman, Mahesh & Hunt, Janet & Bai, Xuemei, 2022. "Contributing to regional decarbonization: Australia's potential to supply zero-carbon commodities to the Asia-Pacific," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    15. Srikkanth Ramachandran & Kais Siala & Cristina de La Rúa & Tobias Massier & Arif Ahmed & Thomas Hamacher, 2021. "Life Cycle Climate Change Impact of a Cost-Optimal HVDC Connection to Import Solar Energy from Australia to Singapore," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-23, November.
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