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Analysis of a closed-loop water-cooled refrigeration system in the food retail industry: A UK case study

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  • Efstratiadi, Marily
  • Acha, Salvador
  • Shah, Nilay
  • Markides, Christos N.

Abstract

Refrigeration in supermarkets accounts between 30% and 60% of total electricity demand in UK stores. The aim of this study is to conduct a pre-feasibility analysis of whether the use of a water-cooled configuration rejecting heat to the soil can improve the overall cooling performance of commercial refrigeration systems against air-cooled designs. In this work, a model simulating the operation of an existing refrigeration system is presented and validated against field data measurements taken from a supermarket. The examined system is used as a baseline and then modified to evaluate the impact of installing a water-cooled gas cooler. Results indicate that the use of water-cooled gas coolers has the potential to reduce electrical consumption of refrigeration systems by up to a factor of 5 when external temperatures are high. Overall, annual operation indicates the water-cooled alternative uses 3% less electricity than the air-cooled approach. A hybrid system is also considered consisting of coupled air-cooled and water-cooled units operating in parallel, for which an energy reduction of 6% is obtained compared against the baseline system. An economic evaluation of these systems shows promising results with a payback period of about 5 years for systems installed in new stores, although retrofits are costlier.

Suggested Citation

  • Efstratiadi, Marily & Acha, Salvador & Shah, Nilay & Markides, Christos N., 2019. "Analysis of a closed-loop water-cooled refrigeration system in the food retail industry: A UK case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1133-1144.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:174:y:2019:i:c:p:1133-1144
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ge, Y.T. & Tassou, S.A. & Santosa, I. Dewa & Tsamos, K., 2015. "Design optimisation of CO2 gas cooler/condenser in a refrigeration system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 973-981.
    2. Leffler, Robert A. & Bradshaw, Craig R. & Groll, Eckhard A. & Garimella, Suresh V., 2012. "Alternative heat rejection methods for power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 17-25.
    3. García-Gusano, Diego & Espegren, Kari & Lind, Arne & Kirkengen, Martin, 2016. "The role of the discount rates in energy systems optimisation models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 56-72.
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    1. Sarabia Escriva, Emilio José & Hart, Matthew & Acha, Salvador & Soto Francés, Víctor & Shah, Nilay & Markides, Christos N., 2022. "Techno-economic evaluation of integrated energy systems for heat recovery applications in food retail buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    2. Maouris, Georgios & Sarabia Escriva, Emilio Jose & Acha, Salvador & Shah, Nilay & Markides, Christos N., 2020. "CO2 refrigeration system heat recovery and thermal storage modelling for space heating provision in supermarkets: An integrated approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    3. Andrés Villarruel-Jaramillo & Manuel Pérez-García & José M. Cardemil & Rodrigo A. Escobar, 2021. "Review of Polygeneration Schemes with Solar Cooling Technologies and Potential Industrial Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-30, October.
    4. Le Brun, Niccolo & Simpson, Michael & Acha, Salvador & Shah, Nilay & Markides, Christos N., 2020. "Techno-economic potential of low-temperature, jacket-water heat recovery from stationary internal combustion engines with organic Rankine cycles: A cross-sector food-retail study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).

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