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Hydrokinetic power conversion using Flow Induced Vibrations with cubic restoring force

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  • Sun, Hai
  • Ma, Chunhui
  • Bernitsas, Michael M.

Abstract

A nonlinear oscillator, using a cubic-spring restoring function with high-deformation stiffening, is introduced and studied experimentally to improve passively the harnessed marine hydrokinetic power using Flow Induced Vibrations (FIVs) of a cylinder. In this research, the FIV of a single, rigid, circular cylinder on elastic end-supports is tested for Reynolds number 30,000 ≤ Re ≤ 120,000. Damping, cubic stiffness, and flow-velocity are used as parameters. Selective roughness is applied to enhance FIV and increase the hydrokinetic energy converted by the oscillator. The second generation of the digital, virtual spring-damping system Vck, developed in the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory (MRELab), enables embedded computer-controlled change of the functions and values of viscous damping and spring stiffness. Cubic modeling of the oscillator stiffness in parametric form is thus realized and tested. Experimental results for amplitude response, frequency response, energy harvesting, efficiency and instantaneous energy of the converter are presented and discussed. All experiments are conducted in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water (LTFSW) Channel of the MRELab of the University of Michigan. The main conclusions are: (1) The cubic stiffness function is an effective way to raise the harnessed efficiency over a wider range of flow velocities. (2) At lower flow speed (upper and lower VIV branches), the harnessed power increases as the nonlinearity increases. A strongly nonlinear system exhibits a 100% increase in harnessed energy in this region. (3) At a higher flow speed (galloping), the cubic nonlinearity benefits the harnessed power in two ways because the natural frequency of the oscillator in water (fn,water) depends on the amplitude of oscillation. At low harness damping, the amplitude increases resulting in higher fn,water thus enhancing the harnessed power. At high harness damping, the harnessed power increases regardless of fn,water.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Hai & Ma, Chunhui & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2018. "Hydrokinetic power conversion using Flow Induced Vibrations with cubic restoring force," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 490-508.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:153:y:2018:i:c:p:490-508
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.065
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sun, Hai & Kim, Eun Soo & Nowakowski, Gary & Mauer, Erik & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2016. "Effect of mass-ratio, damping, and stiffness on optimal hydrokinetic energy conversion of a single, rough cylinder in flow induced motions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 936-959.
    2. Kim, Eun Soo & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2016. "Performance prediction of horizontal hydrokinetic energy converter using multiple-cylinder synergy in flow induced motion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 92-100.
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    1. Lv, Yanfang & Sun, Liping & Bernitsas, Michael M. & Sun, Hai, 2021. "A comprehensive review of nonlinear oscillators in hydrokinetic energy harnessing using flow-induced vibrations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    2. Sun, Hai & Bernitsas, Marinos M. & Turkol, Mert, 2020. "Adaptive harnessing damping in hydrokinetic energy conversion by two rough tandem-cylinders using flow-induced vibrations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 828-860.
    3. Tamimi, V. & Esfehani, M.J. & Zeinoddini, M. & Naeeni, S.T.O. & Wu, J. & Shahvaghar-Asl, S., 2020. "Marine hydrokinetic energy harvesting performance of diamond and square oscillators in tandem arrangements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    4. Lin Ding & Qunfeng Zou & Li Zhang & Haibo Wang, 2018. "Research on Flow-Induced Vibration and Energy Harvesting of Three Circular Cylinders with Roughness Strips in Tandem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-17, November.
    5. Yu, Haiyan & Zhang, Mingjie, 2021. "Effects of side ratio on energy harvesting from transverse galloping of a rectangular cylinder," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    6. Sun, Hai & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2019. "Bio-Inspired adaptive damping in hydrokinetic energy harnessing using flow-induced oscillations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 940-960.
    7. Shao, Nan & Lian, JiJian & Yan, Xiang & Liu, Fang & Wang, Xiaoqun, 2022. "Experimental study on energy conversion of flow induced motion for two triangular prisms in staggered arrangement," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    8. Zhang, Baoshou & Wang, Keh-Han & Song, Baowei & Mao, Zhaoyong & Tian, Wenlong, 2018. "Numerical investigation on the effect of the cross-sectional aspect ratio of a rectangular cylinder in FIM on hydrokinetic energy conversion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 949-964.
    9. Zhang, Baoshou & Li, Boyang & Fu, Song & Mao, Zhaoyong & Ding, Wenjun, 2022. "Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) hydrokinetic energy harvesting based on nonlinear damping," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1050-1063.
    10. Mengyu Li & Christopher Bernitsas & Guo Jing & Sun Hai, 2020. "Hydrokinetic Power Conversion Using Vortex-Induced Oscillation with Cubic Restoring Force," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    11. Tamimi, V. & Wu, J. & Naeeni, S.T.O. & Shahvaghar-Asl, S., 2021. "Effects of dissimilar wakes on energy harvesting of Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) based converters with circular oscillator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    12. Li, Ningyu & Park, Hongrae & Sun, Hai & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2022. "Hydrokinetic energy conversion using flow induced oscillations of single-cylinder with large passive turbulence control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    13. Zheng, Mingrui & Han, Dong & Peng, Tao & Wang, Jincheng & Gao, Sijie & He, Weifeng & Li, Shirui & Zhou, Tianhao, 2022. "Numerical investigation on flow induced vibration performance of flow-around structures with different angles of attack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).

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