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Thermal management performance of phase change materials with different thermal conductivities for Li-ion battery packs operated at low temperatures

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  • Ling, Ziye
  • Wen, Xiaoyan
  • Zhang, Zhengguo
  • Fang, Xiaoming
  • Gao, Xuenong

Abstract

Thermal management performance of two composite phase change materials (PCMs)—a highly thermally conductive 60 wt% RT44HC/expanded graphite (EG) composite and a 60 wt% RT44HC/fumed silica composite with a lower thermal conductivity—is studied for a 20-cell Li-ion battery pack working at 5 and −10 °C. The temperature and voltage distributions in each battery pack are measured during single-discharge tests at 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, and 2C and over 20 charge-discharge cycles that simulate battery operation in an electric vehicle. By comparing these systems with the PCM-free battery pack, we aim to find an appropriate material to improve the low-temperature performance of Li-ion cells. The results indicate that the low thermal conductivity of the RT44HC/fumed silica composite induces an even higher temperature difference over the battery pack than the PCM-free case, causing an uneven voltage distribution and consequently an early end to charging and discharging. However, the highly thermally conductive 60 wt% RT44HC/EG composite PCM can narrow the temperature variation among the cells and hence help to reduce the voltage differences. The high thermal conductivity of the PCM plays an essential role in achieving a uniform temperature distribution to improve the consistency of the battery performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Ling, Ziye & Wen, Xiaoyan & Zhang, Zhengguo & Fang, Xiaoming & Gao, Xuenong, 2018. "Thermal management performance of phase change materials with different thermal conductivities for Li-ion battery packs operated at low temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 977-983.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:144:y:2018:i:c:p:977-983
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.098
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ling, Ziye & Chen, Jiajie & Fang, Xiaoming & Zhang, Zhengguo & Xu, Tao & Gao, Xuenong & Wang, Shuangfeng, 2014. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the application of phase change materials in a simulative power batteries thermal management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 104-113.
    2. Regin, A. Felix & Solanki, S.C. & Saini, J.S., 2008. "Heat transfer characteristics of thermal energy storage system using PCM capsules: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(9), pages 2438-2458, December.
    3. Ling, Ziye & Wang, Fangxian & Fang, Xiaoming & Gao, Xuenong & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2015. "A hybrid thermal management system for lithium ion batteries combining phase change materials with forced-air cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 403-409.
    4. Wang, Hongfei & Wang, Fanxu & Li, Zongtao & Tang, Yong & Yu, Binhai & Yuan, Wei, 2016. "Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a heat sink filled with porous metal fiber sintered felt/paraffin composite phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 221-232.
    5. Ruan, Haijun & Jiang, Jiuchun & Sun, Bingxiang & Zhang, Weige & Gao, Wenzhong & Wang, Le Yi & Ma, Zeyu, 2016. "A rapid low-temperature internal heating strategy with optimal frequency based on constant polarization voltage for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 771-782.
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