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A comparative analysis of wave power in the nearshore by WAM estimates and in-situ (AWAC) measurements. The case study of Varkiza, Athens, Greece

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  • Foteinis, S.
  • Hancock, J.
  • Mazarakis, N.
  • Tsoutsos, T.
  • Synolakis, C.E.

Abstract

The wave energy potential in the Mediterranean has been estimated using numerical models. However, the veracity of these estimates in the nearshore, where wave energy harnessing is likely to take place, remains largely unknown. This paper compares measured wave data (AWAC/ADCP) with estimates of the third-generation spectral WAve Model (WAM), in Varkiza, Athens, a typical south facing nearshore Greek locale. Overall, good agreement in the mean wave power (Pmean) was found, but WAM overestimated the peak Pmax and had an overall error of ∼19° when estimating the mean wave direction (Mdir). The results are suggestive that WAM could act as a screening tool to identify nearshore wave energy hotspots and avoid areas with extreme sea states. Nonetheless, in-situ wave measurements are required to determine the wave energy power potential and the direction of wave propagation so as to select the appropriate conversion technology that better fits local conditions. Finally, it is suggested that existing wave energy technology should be, redesigned, downscaled and optimized to suit the milder Mediterranean wave regime, thus enacting wave energy development in Greece.

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  • Foteinis, S. & Hancock, J. & Mazarakis, N. & Tsoutsos, T. & Synolakis, C.E., 2017. "A comparative analysis of wave power in the nearshore by WAM estimates and in-situ (AWAC) measurements. The case study of Varkiza, Athens, Greece," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 500-508.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:138:y:2017:i:c:p:500-508
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.061
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    3. Katsaprakakis, Dimitris Al & Voumvoulakis, Manolis, 2018. "A hybrid power plant towards 100% energy autonomy for the island of Sifnos, Greece. Perspectives created from energy cooperatives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 680-698.
    4. del Horno, L. & Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A., 2020. "Exhaustive closed loop behavior of an one degree of freedom first-generation device for harnessing energy from marine currents," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    5. Choupin, Ophelie & Del Río-Gamero, B. & Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Julieta & Yánez-Rosales, Pablo, 2022. "Integration of assessment-methods for wave renewable energy: Resource and installation feasibility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 455-482.
    6. Zou, Shangyan & Robertson, Bryson & Paudel, Sanjaya, 2023. "Geospatial Analysis of Technical U.S. Wave Net Power Potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 725-736.
    7. Foteinis, Spyros, 2022. "Wave energy converters in low energy seas: Current state and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).

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