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A multi-criteria analysis of climate, health and acidification impacts due to greenhouse gases and air pollution—The case of household-level heating technologies

Author

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  • Ekholm, Tommi
  • Karvosenoja, Niko
  • Tissari, Jarkko
  • Sokka, Laura
  • Kupiainen, Kaarle
  • Sippula, Olli
  • Savolahti, Mikko
  • Jokiniemi, Jorma
  • Savolainen, Ilkka

Abstract

This paper considers the climate, health and acidification impacts associated with household-level heating technologies; the policy-based incentives that current emission limits might create for switching between these technologies; and the societal costs that would arise from the externalities associated with the emissions. The data and selection of appliances are applicable to Finland, but the approach can be used to analyse also other countries with similar environmental policies. The results indicate that none of the assessed technologies outperforms the others in every impact category, and that trade-offs need to be made between the impacts. Two perspectives are used to compare these trade-offs. From a policy point of view, a switch from light oil to any of the studied biomass-based appliances would help to achieve national emission limits for CO2 and SO2. However, such a switch could potentially increase the externality costs to the society due to increased population exposure to primary PM2.5. Based on this, the results suggest that the present emission reduction policies create incentives that can possibly direct decisions toward sub-optimal technology choices.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekholm, Tommi & Karvosenoja, Niko & Tissari, Jarkko & Sokka, Laura & Kupiainen, Kaarle & Sippula, Olli & Savolahti, Mikko & Jokiniemi, Jorma & Savolainen, Ilkka, 2014. "A multi-criteria analysis of climate, health and acidification impacts due to greenhouse gases and air pollution—The case of household-level heating technologies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 499-509.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:74:y:2014:i:c:p:499-509
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.07.002
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    3. Ziemele, Jelena & Pakere, Ieva & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2016. "The future competitiveness of the non-Emissions Trading Scheme district heating systems in the Baltic States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1579-1585.
    4. Karner, K. & Dißauer, C. & Enigl, M. & Strasser, C. & Schmid, E., 2017. "Environmental trade-offs between residential oil-fired and wood pellet heating systems: Forecast scenarios for Austria until 2030," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 868-879.
    5. Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene & Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas & Dalia Streimikiene, 2020. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) for the Assessment of Renewable Energy Technologies in a Household: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, March.
    6. Savolahti, Mikko & Karvosenoja, Niko & Soimakallio, Sampo & Kupiainen, Kaarle & Tissari, Jarkko & Paunu, Ville-Veikko, 2019. "Near-term climate impacts of Finnish residential wood combustion," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).

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