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Including alternative resources in state renewable portfolio standards: Current design and implementation experience

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  • Heeter, Jenny
  • Bird, Lori

Abstract

As of October 2012, 29 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have instituted a renewable portfolio standard (RPS). Each state policy is unique, varying in percentage targets, timetables, and eligible resources. Increasingly, new RPS polices have included alternative resources. Alternative resources have included energy efficiency, thermal resources, and, to a lesser extent, non-renewables. This paper examines state experience with implementing renewable portfolio standards that include energy efficiency, thermal resources, and non-renewable energy and explores compliance experience, costs, and how states evaluate, measure, and verify energy efficiency and convert thermal energy. It aims to gain insights from the experience of states for possible federal clean energy policy as well as to share experience and lessons for state RPS implementation.

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  • Heeter, Jenny & Bird, Lori, 2013. "Including alternative resources in state renewable portfolio standards: Current design and implementation experience," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 1388-1399.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:61:y:2013:i:c:p:1388-1399
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Shiyu & Bie, Zhaohong & Lin, Jiang & Wang, Xifan, 2018. "Curtailment of renewable energy in Northwest China and market-based solutions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 494-502.
    2. Rountree, Valerie, 2019. "Nevada's experience with the Renewable Portfolio Standard," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 279-291.
    3. Rhodes, Ekaterina & Scott, William A. & Jaccard, Mark, 2021. "Designing flexible regulations to mitigate climate change: A cross-country comparative policy analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    4. Bustos, Cristian & Watts, David & Ayala, Marysol, 2017. "Financial risk reduction in photovoltaic projects through ocean-atmospheric oscillations modeling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 548-568.
    5. Wang, Delu & Li, Chunxiao & Mao, Jinqi & Yang, Qing, 2023. "What affects the implementation of the renewable portfolio standard? An analysis of the four-party evolutionary game," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 250-261.
    6. Zhou, Shan & Solomon, Barry D., 2020. "Do renewable portfolio standards in the United States stunt renewable electricity development beyond mandatory targets?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).

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