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Energy conservation for international dry bulk carriers via vessel speed reduction

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  • Chang, Ching-Chin
  • Chang, Chia-Hong

Abstract

This study uses an activity-based method to investigate the fuel consumption and corresponding CO2 emissions of Capesize, Panamax, Supramax, and Handysize dry bulk carriers. The emission and energy reductions are estimated for speed reductions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The CATCH (cost of averting a tonne of CO2—eq heating) model is applied to evaluate the cost efficiency of speed reduction. Results show that speed reductions of 10%, 20%, and 30% reduce fuel consumption by 27.1%, 48.8%, and 60.3% and CO2 emissions by 19%, 36%, and 51%, respectively. Speed reduction leads to emission reductions, with greater reductions for larger ships. CATCH values are positive, indicating that reducing speed increases cost. Line C3 of Capesize is used to determine the optimal ship number and operational speed under energy conservation. The minimum number of vessels in service is 9, with an average operational speed of 14.53 knots and one port call per week. If speed is reduced by 10%, 20%, and 30%, one, two, and four additional ships are needed, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Chang, Ching-Chin & Chang, Chia-Hong, 2013. "Energy conservation for international dry bulk carriers via vessel speed reduction," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 710-715.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:59:y:2013:i:c:p:710-715
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.025
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    1. Ernestos Tzannatos, 2010. "Cost assessment of ship emission reduction methods at berth: the case of the Port of Piraeus, Greece," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(4), pages 427-445, July.
    2. Notteboom, Theo E. & Vernimmen, Bert, 2009. "The effect of high fuel costs on liner service configuration in container shipping," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 325-337.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Emma Díaz-Ruiz-Navamuel & Andrés Ortega Piris & Alfonso-Isidro López-Diaz & Miguel A. Gutiérrez & Manuel Andres Roiz & Jesus M. Oria Chaveli, 2021. "Influence of Ships Docking System in the Reduction of CO 2 Emissions in Container Ports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Peter Andersson & Pernilla Ivehammar, 2017. "Dynamic route planning in the Baltic Sea Region – A cost-benefit analysis based on AIS data," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 19(4), pages 631-649, December.
    4. Xing, Hui & Spence, Stephen & Chen, Hua, 2020. "A comprehensive review on countermeasures for CO2 emissions from ships," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    5. Wu, Jie & Liu, Jiaguo & Li, Na, 2024. "The evasion strategy options for competitive ocean carriers under the EU ETS," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    6. Dan Zhuge & Shuaian Wang & Lu Zhen & Gilbert Laporte, 2020. "Schedule design for liner services under vessel speed reduction incentive programs," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 67(1), pages 45-62, February.
    7. Toby Roberts & Ian Williams & John Preston & Nick Clarke & Melinda Odum & Stefanie O’Gorman, 2023. "Ports in a Storm: Port-City Environmental Challenges and Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.
    8. Xinjia Gao & Aoshuang Zhu & Qifeng Yu, 2023. "Exploring the Carbon Abatement Strategies in Shipping Using System Dynamics Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-25, September.
    9. Dan Zhuge & Shuaian Wang & Lu Zhen & Gilbert Laporte, 2021. "Subsidy design in a vessel speed reduction incentive program under government policies," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 68(3), pages 344-358, April.
    10. Mallidis, Ioannis & Iakovou, Eleftherios & Dekker, Rommert & Vlachos, Dimitrios, 2018. "The impact of slow steaming on the carriers’ and shippers’ costs: The case of a global logistics network," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 18-39.
    11. Hui-Huang Tai & Yun-Hua Chang, 2022. "Reducing pollutant emissions from vessel maneuvering in port areas," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 24(3), pages 651-671, September.
    12. Ying Kou & Meifeng Luo, 2016. "Strategic capacity competition and overcapacity in shipping," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(4), pages 389-406, May.

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    Keywords

    Activity-based model; Dry bulk carrier; CO2 emissions;
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