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Where does the capacity market money go? Lessons learned from Poland

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  • Komorowska, Aleksandra
  • Kaszyński, Przemysław
  • Kamiński, Jacek

Abstract

As broadly understood, capacity markets are the instruments introduced to secure capacity adequacy in power systems. They are usually introduced to ensure sufficient incentives for investors to maintain optimal capacity when the energy-only markets fail. However, although this mechanism should be technologically neutral, it is important to learn how the substantial funds transferred from consumers are allocated. With this in mind, this study analyses capacity auction results and provides evidence-based findings on the spending of capacity market funds. To achieve this research objective, the Polish capacity market is taken as an example of a capacity market introduced in a power system heavily dependent on fossil fuels and undergoing slow decarbonisation. The analysis covers six auctions for the 2021–26 delivery years. The results show that the key beneficiaries are coal units to which, on average, over 67% of the total budget is allocated. They will receive EUR 412–917 million/year in the period analysed. Capacity markets should increase competitiveness and create incentives; however, the evidence from Poland indicates that it mainly supports the existing, high-emission units operating within state-owned companies. Although the study is conducted for Poland, the findings provide sound lessons for other countries considering the introduction of a capacity market.

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  • Komorowska, Aleksandra & Kaszyński, Przemysław & Kamiński, Jacek, 2023. "Where does the capacity market money go? Lessons learned from Poland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:173:y:2023:i:c:s0301421523000046
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113419
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    Cited by:

    1. Przemysław Kaszyński & Aleksandra Komorowska & Jacek Kamiński, 2023. "Revisiting Market Power in the Polish Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Marcin Sawczuk & Adam Stawowy & Olga Okrzesik & Damian Kurek & Mariola Sawczuk, 2024. "Managing Costs of the Capacity Charge through Real-Time Adjustment of the Demand Pattern," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Kozlova, Mariia & Huhta, Kaisa & Lohrmann, Alena, 2023. "The interface between support schemes for renewable energy and security of supply: Reviewing capacity mechanisms and support schemes for renewable energy in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    4. Mastropietro, Paolo & Rodilla, Pablo & Rivier, Michel & Batlle, Carlos, 2024. "Reliability options: Regulatory recommendations for the next generation of capacity remuneration mechanisms," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).

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