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Solar adoption inequality in the U.S.: Trend, magnitude, and solar justice policies

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  • Gao, Xue
  • Zhou, Shan

Abstract

With the rapid diffusion of solar photovoltaic systems in the U.S., there is a growing concern about justice and equity issues in the technology deployment process. Previous studies found that low-income and minority households are less likely to install solar PV systems, indicating that these households would miss the opportunities to benefit from low-cost and independent solar energy systems and government financial incentives. This study shows that while households in Asian-, Black-, and Hispanic-majority census tracts installed fewer solar PV systems than those in White-majority census tracts across all income bins, racial and ethnic disparities in residential solar deployment have been reduced from 2012 to 2019 at the census tract level. It indicates that racial and ethnic minority households are more exposed to solar within their neighborhoods. We also find that utility- and local-level solar justice policies are positively associated with solar adoptions by low-income households, but the positive policy impact is not statistically significant for Black-majority census tracts.

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  • Gao, Xue & Zhou, Shan, 2022. "Solar adoption inequality in the U.S.: Trend, magnitude, and solar justice policies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:169:y:2022:i:c:s0301421522003871
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113163
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    1. de Looze, Annemiek & ten Caat, Sander & Maiello, Antonella & Jhagroe, Shivant & Cuppen, Eefje, 2024. "Temporalities of energy justice: Changing justice conceptions in Dutch energy policy between 1974 and 2022," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    2. He, Jing & Ren, Fu & Weibel, Robert & Fu, Cheng, 2023. "The effect of large scale photovoltaic-based projects on poverty reduction: Empirical evidence from China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    3. Lemay, Amélie C. & Wagner, Sigurd & Rand, Barry P., 2023. "Current status and future potential of rooftop solar adoption in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    4. Kapsalis, Vasileios & Maduta, Carmen & Skandalos, Nikolaos & Wang, Meng & Bhuvad, Sushant Suresh & D'Agostino, Delia & Ma, Tao & Raj, Uday & Parker, Danny & Peng, Jinqing & Karamanis, Dimitris, 2024. "Critical assessment of large-scale rooftop photovoltaics deployment in the global urban environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).

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