IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v116y2018icp127-136.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Addressing COP21 using a stock and oil market integration index

Author

Listed:
  • Batten, Jonathan A.
  • Kinateder, Harald
  • Szilagyi, Peter G.
  • Wagner, Niklas F.

Abstract

COP21 implementation should lead to a decline in the future demand for fossil fuels. One key implication for investors is how to manage this risk. We construct a monthly stock and oil market integration index and demonstrate that oil investors can offset adverse oil price risk by holding diversified global stock portfolios. The portfolios are formed from eight different combinations of developed and emerging stock markets. We show that measuring the degree of stock-oil market integration is critical to managing the time-varying degrees of integration. Under normal market conditions markets are segmented and this yields the opportunity for oil investors to diversify energy price risk through the purchase of stocks. The optimal oil-stock diversified portfolio provides risk-adjusted positive benefits to investors, with portfolio weights changing over time as COP21 implementation proceeds.

Suggested Citation

  • Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2018. "Addressing COP21 using a stock and oil market integration index," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 127-136.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:116:y:2018:i:c:p:127-136
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.048
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421518300569
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.048?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Geert Bekaert & Campbell R. Harvey, 2000. "Foreign Speculators and Emerging Equity Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(2), pages 565-613, April.
    2. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gupta, Rangan & Wohar, Mark E., 2017. "Common cycles and common trends in the stock and oil markets: Evidence from more than 150years of data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 72-86.
    3. Gerard, Bruno & Thanyalakpark, Kessara & Batten, Jonathan A., 2003. "Are the East Asian markets integrated? Evidence from the ICAPM," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(5-6), pages 585-607.
    4. Pukthuanthong, Kuntara & Roll, Richard, 2009. "Global market integration: An alternative measure and its application," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 214-232, November.
    5. Malova, Aleksandra & van der Ploeg, Frederick, 2017. "Consequences of lower oil prices and stranded assets for Russia's sustainable fiscal stance," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 27-40.
    6. Boubakri, Salem & Guillaumin, Cyriac, 2011. "Financial integration and currency risk premium in CEECs: Evidence from the ICAPM," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 460-484.
    7. Khaled Guesmi & Frédéric Teulon, 2014. "The determinants of regional stock market integration in middle east: A conditional ICAPM approach," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 137, pages 22-31.
    8. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R, 1995. "Time-Varying World Market Integration," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(2), pages 403-444, June.
    9. Arouri, Mohamed El Hedi & Foulquier, Philippe, 2012. "Financial market integration: Theory and empirical results," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 382-394.
    10. Bekaert, Geert & Harvey, Campbell R., 1997. "Emerging equity market volatility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 29-77, January.
    11. repec:cii:cepiei:2014-q1-137-2 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Guesmi, Khaled & Teulon, Frederic & Muzaffar, Ahmed Taneem, 2014. "The evolution of risk premium as a measure for intra-regional equity market integration," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 13-19.
    13. Guesmi, Khaled & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2011. "How strong is the global integration of emerging market regions? An empirical assessment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2517-2527.
    14. Brown, Stephen P.A. & Huntington, Hillard G., 2015. "Evaluating U.S. oil security and import reliance," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 9-22.
    15. Keho, Yaya, 2016. "What drives energy consumption in developing countries? The experience of selected African countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 233-246.
    16. Kyrtsou, Catherine & Mikropoulou, Christina & Papana, Angeliki, 2016. "Does the S&P500 index lead the crude oil dynamics? A complexity-based approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 239-246.
    17. Solnik, Bruno H, 1977. "Testing International Asset Pricing: Some Pessimistic Views," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(2), pages 503-512, May.
    18. Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2017. "Modeling systemic risk and dependence structure between oil and stock markets using a variational mode decomposition-based copula method," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 258-279.
    19. Demirer, Rıza & Lee, Hsiang-Tai & Lien, Donald, 2015. "Does the stock market drive herd behavior in commodity futures markets?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 32-44.
    20. Cyn‐Young PARK & Jong‐Wha LEE, 2011. "Financial Integration in Emerging Asia: Challenges and Prospects," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 6(2), pages 176-198, December.
    21. Fragkos, Panagiotis & Tasios, Nikos & Paroussos, Leonidas & Capros, Pantelis & Tsani, Stella, 2017. "Energy system impacts and policy implications of the European Intended Nationally Determined Contribution and low-carbon pathway to 2050," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 216-226.
    22. Mensi, Walid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2015. "Precious metals, cereal, oil and stock market linkages and portfolio risk management: Evidence from Saudi Arabia," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 340-358.
    23. Johansen, Soren, 1991. "Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(6), pages 1551-1580, November.
    24. Tsai, Chun-Li, 2015. "How do U.S. stock returns respond differently to oil price shocks pre-crisis, within the financial crisis, and post-crisis?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 47-62.
    25. Murphy, Fionnuala & McDonnell, Kevin, 2017. "Investigation of the potential impact of the Paris Agreement on national mitigation policies and the risk of carbon leakage; an analysis of the Irish bioenergy industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 80-88.
    26. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2017. "Can stock market investors hedge energy risk? Evidence from Asia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 559-570.
    27. Jongkyou Jeon & Yonghyup Oh & Doo Yong Yang, 2006. "Financial Market Integration in East Asia: Regional or Global?," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 5(1), pages 73-89, Winter.
    28. Jing Chi & Ke Li & Martin Young, 2006. "Financial Integration In East Asian Equity Markets," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), pages 513-526, December.
    29. Sadorsky, Perry, 2014. "Modeling volatility and correlations between emerging market stock prices and the prices of copper, oil and wheat," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 72-81.
    30. Arouri, Mohamed El Hedi & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Pukthuanthong, Kuntara, 2012. "An international CAPM for partially integrated markets: Theory and empirical evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2473-2493.
    31. Khalfaoui, R. & Boutahar, M. & Boubaker, H., 2015. "Analyzing volatility spillovers and hedging between oil and stock markets: Evidence from wavelet analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 540-549.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dragomirescu-Gaina, Catalin & Galariotis, Emilios & Philippas, Dionisis, 2021. "Chasing the ‘green bandwagon’ in times of uncertainty," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    2. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2021. "Hedging stocks with oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Nahida Akter & Ashadun Nobi, 2018. "Investigation of the Financial Stability of S&P 500 Using Realized Volatility and Stock Returns Distribution," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Roubaud, David, 2018. "Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 843-857.
    5. Iglesias-Casal, Ana & López-Penabad, María-Celia & López-Andión, Carmen & Maside-Sanfiz, José Manuel, 2020. "Diversification and optimal hedges for socially responsible investment in Brazil," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 106-118.
    6. Husain, Shaiara & Sohag, Kazi & Wu, Yanrui, 2022. "The response of green energy and technology investment to climate policy uncertainty: An application of twin transitions strategy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Zhu, Pengfei & Tang, Yong & Wei, Yu & Dai, Yimin & Lu, Tuantuan, 2021. "Relationships and portfolios between oil and Chinese stock sectors: A study based on wavelet denoising-higher moments perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    8. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Chiah, Mardy & Zhong, Angel, 2021. "COVID−19 and oil price risk exposure," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    9. Meléndez-Jiménez, Miguel A. & Polanski, Arnold, 2020. "Dirty neighbors — Pollution in an interlinked world," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    10. Resat Ceylan & Mehmet Ivrendi & Muhammed Shahbaz & Tolga Omay, 2022. "Oil and stock prices: New evidence from a time varying homogenous panel smooth transition VECM for seven developing countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 1085-1100, January.
    11. Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Nautiyal, Neeraj & Ghardallou, Wafa & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Zeitun, Rami, 2023. "Comovement and spillover among energy markets: A Comparison across different crisis periods," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 277-302.
    12. Shahid, Muhammad Naeem & Azmi, Wajahat & Ali, Mohsin & Islam, Muhammad Umar & Rizvi, Syed Aun R., 2023. "Uncovering risk transmission between socially responsible investments, alternative energy investments and the implied volatility of major commodities," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    13. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Klein, Tony & Jiang, Yong & Ma, Chao-Qun & Yang, Xiao-Guang, 2024. "Dynamic spillovers among global oil shocks, economic policy uncertainty, and inflation expectation uncertainty under extreme shocks," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2019. "Time-varying energy and stock market integration in Asia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 777-792.
    2. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2017. "Can stock market investors hedge energy risk? Evidence from Asia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 559-570.
    3. Batten, Jonathan A. & Kinateder, Harald & Szilagyi, Peter G. & Wagner, Niklas F., 2021. "Hedging stocks with oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    4. Jonathan A. Batten & Peter G. Szilagyi & Wagner, 2015. "Should emerging market investors buy commodities?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(39), pages 4228-4246, August.
    5. Jonathan A. Batten & Peter Morgan & Peter G. Szilagyi, 2015. "Time Varying Asian Stock Market Integration," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 60(01), pages 1-24.
    6. Khaled Guesmi & Frédéric Teulon, 2014. "The determinants of regional stock market integration in middle east: A conditional ICAPM approach," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 137, pages 22-31.
    7. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-415 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Mark E. Wohar, 2018. "Causal effects of the United States and Japan on Pacific-Rim stock markets: nonparametric quantile causality approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(53), pages 5712-5727, November.
    9. Guesmi, Khaled & Teulon, Frederic & Muzaffar, Ahmed Taneem, 2014. "The evolution of risk premium as a measure for intra-regional equity market integration," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 13-19.
    10. Kim, Jong-Min & Jung, Hojin, 2017. "Can asymmetric conditional volatility imply asymmetric tail dependence?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 409-418.
    11. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & You, Kefei & Chen, Lei, 2019. "Global and regional stock market integration in Asia: A panel convergence approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    12. Boubakri, Salem & Guillaumin, Cyriac, 2015. "Regional integration of the East Asian stock markets: An empirical assessment," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 136-160.
    13. Khaled Guesmi & Duc Khuong Nguyen, 2013. "Regional integration of stock markets in Southeast Europe," Working Papers 2013-22, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    14. Arouri, Mohamed El Hedi & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Pukthuanthong, Kuntara, 2012. "An international CAPM for partially integrated markets: Theory and empirical evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2473-2493.
    15. Khaled Guesmi & Frédéric Teulon, 2013. "Regional Equity Risk Premium Convergence: The case of Japan," Working Papers 2013-6, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    16. Khaled Guesmi & Mohamed Hedi Arouri & Ilyes Abid & Frédéric Teulon, 2013. "On the Determinants of Equity International Risk Premium: Are Emerging Zones Different?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 33(1), pages 597-611.
    17. repec:ipg:wpaper:2013-006 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. repec:ipg:wpaper:6 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Guesmi, Khaled & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2011. "How strong is the global integration of emerging market regions? An empirical assessment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2517-2527.
    20. Yao, Shujie & He, Hongbo & Chen, Shou & Ou, Jinghua, 2018. "Financial liberalization and cross-border market integration: Evidence from China's stock market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 220-245.
    21. Khaled Guesmi & Olfa Kaabia & Ilyes Abid, 2017. "ASEAN Plus Three Stock Markets Integration," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 15(3), pages 565-581, September.
    22. Khaled Guesmi & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Frédéric Teulon, 2013. "Further evidence on the determinants of regional stock market integration in Latin America," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 10(3), pages 397-413, December.
    23. Guesmi, Khaled & Moisseron, Jean-Yves & Teulon, Frédéric, 2014. "Integration versus segmentation in Middle East North Africa Equity Market: Time variations and currency risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 204-212.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Commodities; COP21; Financial market integration; International asset pricing; Market risk; WTI Oil; Risk of climate change; Systematic risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F2 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:116:y:2018:i:c:p:127-136. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.