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Evolutionary game on international energy trade under the Russia-Ukraine conflict

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  • Xin, Baogui
  • Zhang, Mengwei

Abstract

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has triggered the global energy crisis and been one wrench in global energy markets. A surge in global energy prices is sent inflation soaring worldwide. Where are global energy markets heading? To address the wrench, we construct a tripartite energy evolutionary game including Russia, Part A countries (mainly those imposing sanctions on Russia), and Part B countries (mainly those not imposing sanctions on Russia) to depict the international energy trade under the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The results show that: (i) Part A countries' optimal economic strategy can not affect the Russian and Part B countries' strategies, and they choose to import Russian energy; (ii) All participants' strategies converge to stable states, and Russia's strategy converges faster; (iii) Russian and Part B countries' strategies are more stable than Part A countries'; (iv) Installing price caps will aggravate Part A countries' energy crises. A diplomatic effort is the best way for all participants to avert an escalation of the energy crisis.

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  • Xin, Baogui & Zhang, Mengwei, 2023. "Evolutionary game on international energy trade under the Russia-Ukraine conflict," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:125:y:2023:i:c:s0140988323003250
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106827
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    8. Chen, Shi & Duan, Xiaoyu & Chiu, Shiu-Chieh & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "Insurer hedging amidst the interplay of black and green swans toward SDGs 3 and 7," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
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