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From deterministic to stochastic surrender risk models: Impact of correlation crises on economic capital

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  • Loisel, Stéphane
  • Milhaud, Xavier

Abstract

In this paper we raise the matter of considering a stochastic model of the surrender rate instead of the classical S-shaped deterministic curve (in function of the spread), still used in almost all insurance companies. For extreme scenarios, due to the lack of data, it could be tempting to assume that surrenders are conditionally independent with respect to a S-curve disturbance. However, we explain why this conditional independence between policyholders decisions, which has the advantage to be the simplest assumption, looks particularly maladaptive when the spread increases. Indeed the correlation between policyholders decisions is most likely to increase in this situation. We suggest and develop a simple model which integrates those phenomena. With stochastic orders it is possible to compare it to the conditional independence approach qualitatively. In a partially internal Solvency II model, we quantify the impact of the correlation phenomenon on a real life portfolio for a global risk management strategy.

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  • Loisel, Stéphane & Milhaud, Xavier, 2011. "From deterministic to stochastic surrender risk models: Impact of correlation crises on economic capital," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 214(2), pages 348-357, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:214:y:2011:i:2:p:348-357
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    1. Laurent Devineau & Stéphane Loisel, 2009. "Risk aggregation in Solvency II: How to converge the approaches of the internal models and those of the standard formula?," Post-Print hal-00403662, HAL.
    2. Romain Biard & Claude Lefèvre & Stéphane Loisel, 2008. "Impact of correlation crises in risk theory," Post-Print hal-00308782, HAL.
    3. Xavier Milhaud & Marie-Pierre Gonon & Stéphane Loisel, 2010. "Les comportements de rachat en Assurance Vie en régime de croisière et en période de crise," Post-Print hal-00502851, HAL.
    4. Biard, Romain & Lefèvre, Claude & Loisel, Stéphane, 2008. "Impact of correlation crises in risk theory: Asymptotics of finite-time ruin probabilities for heavy-tailed claim amounts when some independence and stationarity assumptions are relaxed," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 412-421, December.
    5. Stéphane Loisel, 2008. "From Liquidity Crisis to Correlation Crisis, and the Need for ''Quanls'' in ERM," Post-Print hal-00379422, HAL.
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    1. Zhao, Yixing & Mamon, Rogemar & Gao, Huan, 2018. "A two-decrement model for the valuation and risk measurement of a guaranteed annuity option," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 231-249.
    2. Barsotti, Flavia & Milhaud, Xavier & Salhi, Yahia, 2016. "Lapse risk in life insurance: Correlation and contagion effects among policyholders’ behaviors," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 317-331.
    3. Jir^o Akahori & Yuuki Ida & Maho Nishida & Shuji Tamada, 2020. "The Thermodynamic Approach to Whole-Life Insurance: A Method for Evaluation of Surrender Risk," Papers 2012.09606, arXiv.org.
    4. Martin Eling & Michael Kochanski, 2013. "Research on lapse in life insurance: what has been done and what needs to be done?," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(4), pages 392-413, August.
    5. Fabrice Borel-Mathurin & Pierre-Emmanuel Darpeix & Quentin Guibert & Stéphane Loisel, 2018. "Main Determinants of Profit-Sharing Policy in the French Life Insurance Industry," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 43(3), pages 420-455, July.
    6. Ballotta, Laura & Eberlein, Ernst & Schmidt, Thorsten & Zeineddine, Raghid, 2021. "Fourier based methods for the management of complex life insurance products," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 320-341.
    7. Bensusan, Harry & El Karoui, Nicole & Loisel, Stéphane & Salhi, Yahia, 2016. "Partial splitting of longevity and financial risks: The longevity nominal choosing swaptions," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 61-72.
    8. Feodoria, Mark & Förstemann, Till, 2015. "Lethal lapses: How a positive interest rate shock might stress German life insurers," Discussion Papers 12/2015, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    9. Bensusan, Harry & El Karoui, Nicole & Loisel, Stéphane & Salhi, Yahia, 2016. "Partial splitting of longevity and financial risks: The longevity nominal choosing swaptions," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 61-72.
    10. Xavier Milhaud & Marie-Pierre Gonon & Stéphane Loisel, 2010. "Les comportements de rachat en Assurance Vie en régime de croisière et en période de crise," Post-Print hal-00502851, HAL.
    11. Francesca Biagini & Tobias Huber & Johannes G. Jaspersen & Andrea Mazzon, 2021. "Estimating extreme cancellation rates in life insurance," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 88(4), pages 971-1000, December.
    12. Mark Kiermayer, 2021. "Modeling surrender risk in life insurance: theoretical and experimental insight," Papers 2101.11590, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    13. Guillou, Armelle & Loisel, Stéphane & Stupfler, Gilles, 2013. "Estimation of the parameters of a Markov-modulated loss process in insurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 388-404.
    14. Dutang, Christophe & Albrecher, Hansjoerg & Loisel, Stéphane, 2013. "Competition among non-life insurers under solvency constraints: A game-theoretic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 231(3), pages 702-711.
    15. Barsotti, Flavia & Milhaud, Xavier & Salhi, Yahia, 2016. "Lapse risk in life insurance: Correlation and contagion effects among policyholders’ behaviors," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 317-331.
    16. Marcos Escobar & Mikhail Krayzler & Franz Ramsauer & David Saunders & Rudi Zagst, 2016. "Incorporation of Stochastic Policyholder Behavior in Analytical Pricing of GMABs and GMDBs," Risks, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-36, November.
    17. Debbie Kusch Falden & Anna Kamille Nyegaard, 2021. "Retrospective Reserves and Bonus with Policyholder Behavior," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-28, January.

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