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Childhood obesity, is fast food exposure a factor?

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  • Dolton, Peter J.
  • Tafesse, Wiktoria

Abstract

Access to fast food has often been blamed for the rise in obesity which in turn has motivated policies to curb the spread of fast food. However, robust evidence in this area is scarce, particularly using data outside of the US. It is difficult to estimate a causal effect of fast food given spatial sorting and ever-present exposure. We investigate whether the residential access to fast food increased BMI of adolescents at a time when fast food restaurants started to open in the UK. The time period presents the study with large spatial and temporal differences in exposure as well as plausibly exogenous variation. We merge data on the location and timing of the first openings of all fast food outlets in the UK from 1968−1986, with data on objectively measured BMI from the 1970 British Cohort Survey. The relationship between adolescent BMI and the distance from the respondents’ homes and time since opening, is studied using OLS and Instrumental Variables regression. We find that fast food exposure had no effect on BMI. Extensive robustness checks do not change our conclusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Dolton, Peter J. & Tafesse, Wiktoria, 2022. "Childhood obesity, is fast food exposure a factor?," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ehbiol:v:46:y:2022:i:c:s1570677x22000491
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101153
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    1. Abrahamsson, Sara & Bütikofer, Aline & Karbownik , Krzysztof, 2023. "Swallow This: Childhood and Adolescent Exposure to Fast Food Restaurants, BMI, and Cognitive Ability," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 7/2023, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
    2. Nicolás Libuy & David Church & George Ploubidis & Emla Fitzsimons, 2024. "Fast food proximity and weight gain in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from Great Britain," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 449-465, March.
    3. Davillas, Apostolos & Jones, Andrew M., 2020. "Regional inequalities in adiposity in England: distributional analysis of the contribution of individual-level characteristics and the small area obesogenic environment," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Childhood and adolescent obesity; Diet;

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I19 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Other

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