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An alternative approach to estimating demand: Neural network regression with conditional volatility for high frequency air passenger arrivals

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  • Medeiros, Marcelo C.
  • McAleer, Michael
  • Slottje, Daniel
  • Ramos, Vicente
  • Rey-Maquieira, Javier

Abstract

In this paper we provide an alternative approach to analyze the demand for international tourism in the Balearic Islands, Spain, by using a neural network model that incorporates time-varying conditional volatility. We consider daily air passenger arrivals to Palma de Mallorca, Ibiza and Mahon, which are located in the islands of Mallorca, Ibiza and Menorca, respectively, as a proxy for international tourism demand for the Balearic Islands. Spain is a world leader in terms of total international tourist arrivals and receipts, and Mallorca is one of the most popular destinations in Spain. For tourism management and marketing, it is essential to forecast high frequency international tourist demand accurately. As it is important to provide sensible international tourism demand forecast intervals, it is also necessary to model their variances accurately. Moreover, time-varying variances provide useful information regarding the risks associated with variations in international tourist arrivals.

Suggested Citation

  • Medeiros, Marcelo C. & McAleer, Michael & Slottje, Daniel & Ramos, Vicente & Rey-Maquieira, Javier, 2008. "An alternative approach to estimating demand: Neural network regression with conditional volatility for high frequency air passenger arrivals," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 372-383, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:econom:v:147:y:2008:i:2:p:372-383
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    1. McAleer, Michael & Medeiros, Marcelo C. & Slottje, Daniel, 2008. "A neural network demand system with heteroskedastic errors," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 359-371, December.
    2. Sun, Shaolong & Lu, Hongxu & Tsui, Kwok-Leung & Wang, Shouyang, 2019. "Nonlinear vector auto-regression neural network for forecasting air passenger flow," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 54-62.
    3. Oscar Claveria & Enric Monte & Salvador Torra, 2015. "“Multiple-input multiple-output vs. single-input single-output neural network forecasting”," IREA Working Papers 201502, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Jan 2015.
    4. Luis A Gil-Alana & à gueda Gil-López & Elena San Román, 2021. "Tourism persistence in Spain: National versus international visitors," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(4), pages 614-625, June.
    5. Peng, Bo & Song, Haiyan & Crouch, Geoffrey I., 2014. "A meta-analysis of international tourism demand forecasting and implications for practice," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 181-193.
    6. Ari, Didem & Mizrak Ozfirat, Pinar, 2024. "Comparison of artificial neural networks and regression analysis for airway passenger estimation," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    7. Vito Polito & Yunyi Zhang, 2021. "Tackling Large Outliers in Macroeconomic Data with Vector Artificial Neural Network Autoregression," CESifo Working Paper Series 9395, CESifo.
    8. Hopfe, David H. & Lee, Kiljae & Yu, Chunyan, 2024. "Short-term forecasting airport passenger flow during periods of volatility: Comparative investigation of time series vs. neural network models," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    9. Oscar Claveria & Enric Monte & Salvador Torra, 2018. "“A regional perspective on the accuracy of machine learning forecasts of tourism demand based on data characteristics”," IREA Working Papers 201805, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Mar 2018.
    10. Elisa Jorge-González & Enrique González-Dávila & Raquel Martín-Rivero & Domingo Lorenzo-Díaz, 2020. "Univariate and multivariate forecasting of tourism demand using state-space models," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(4), pages 598-621, June.
    11. Michael McAleer, 2015. "The Fundamental Equation in Tourism Finance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-6, December.
    12. Oscar Claveria & Enric Monte & Salvador Torra, 2016. "Modelling cross-dependencies between Spain’s regional tourism markets with an extension of the Gaussian process regression model," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 7(3), pages 341-357, August.
    13. Oscar Claveria & Enric Monte & Salvador Torra, 2017. "“Regional tourism demand forecasting with machine learning models: Gaussian process regression vs. neural network models in a multiple-input multiple-output setting"," IREA Working Papers 201701, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Jan 2017.
    14. Gunter, Ulrich & Zekan, Bozana, 2021. "Forecasting air passenger numbers with a GVAR model," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    15. Oscar Claveria & Enric Monte & Salvador Torra, 2015. "“Regional Forecasting with Support Vector Regressions: The Case of Spain”," IREA Working Papers 201507, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Jan 2015.
    16. Ana Bartolomé & Michael McAleer & Vicente Ramos & Javier Rey-Maquieira, 2009. "Modelling Air Passenger Arrivals in the Balearic and Canary Islands, Spain," Tourism Economics, , vol. 15(3), pages 481-500, September.
    17. Andrawis, Robert R. & Atiya, Amir F. & El-Shishiny, Hisham, 2011. "Combination of long term and short term forecasts, with application to tourism demand forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 870-886, July.
    18. Farbmacher, Helmut & Löw, Leander & Spindler, Martin, 2022. "An explainable attention network for fraud detection in claims management," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 228(2), pages 244-258.

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