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Interactive effects of viral lysis and warming in a coastal ocean identified from an idealized ecosystem model

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  • Krishna, Shubham
  • Peterson, Victoria
  • Listmann, Luisa
  • Hinners, Jana

Abstract

Marine viruses have been identified as key players in biogeochemical cycles and in the termination of phytoplankton blooms; however, most biogeochemical models have yet to resolve viral dynamics. Here, we incorporate a viral component into a 1D ecosystem model to explore the influence of viruses on ecosystem dynamics under current and future climatic conditions in a coastal ocean. Virus-phytoplankton interactions and zooplankton grazing were mechanistically described through size-based contact rates. The model demonstrated that the presence of viruses increased nutrient retention in the upper water column. This corresponded to a reduction in phytoplankton biomass, production of dead organic matter and transfer of biomass to higher trophic levels. Viral presence played a key role in deeper water layers, near the thermocline. While warming alone reversed these trends, the combination of warming and viral presence enhanced the effect of viruses, indicative of synergistic interaction. Our results highlight the need of incorporating viral dynamics in the existing marine ecosystem models to better predict ecosystem responses to climate change.

Suggested Citation

  • Krishna, Shubham & Peterson, Victoria & Listmann, Luisa & Hinners, Jana, 2024. "Interactive effects of viral lysis and warming in a coastal ocean identified from an idealized ecosystem model," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 487(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:487:y:2024:i:c:s0304380023002806
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110550
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jed A. Fuhrman, 1999. "Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects," Nature, Nature, vol. 399(6736), pages 541-548, June.
    2. James E. Bauer & Wei-Jun Cai & Peter A. Raymond & Thomas S. Bianchi & Charles S. Hopkinson & Pierre A. G. Regnier, 2013. "The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean," Nature, Nature, vol. 504(7478), pages 61-70, December.
    3. Hinners, Jana & Hense, Inga & Kremp, Anke, 2019. "Modelling phytoplankton adaptation to global warming based on resurrection experiments," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 400(C), pages 27-33.
    4. Forest Rohwer & Rebecca Vega Thurber, 2009. "Viruses manipulate the marine environment," Nature, Nature, vol. 459(7244), pages 207-212, May.
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