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Transformity dynamics related to maximum power for improved emergy yield estimations

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  • Tilley, David

Abstract

H.T. Odum originally defined transformity as the amount of energy of one type required to generate a unit of energy of another type with the caveat that the energy production system was operating under competition at optimum loading for maximum power. The caveat has been mostly ignored in emergy evaluations, often because it is difficult to identify when or whether a transformity was produced at maximum empower. We developed the model TechnoPulse to explore the temporally dynamic relationship between transformity and empower. As TechnoPulse cycled through four distinct phases of birth, growth, decline and recovery, maximum empower was accompanied by minimum transformity for the production flow. Conversely, the period of minimum empower corresponded to maximum transformity. After the “birth” of the new energy form, the period of growth saw empower increase as tranformity declined. Since transformity is the reciprocal of efficiency, maximizing empower also increased efficiency. We found that the non-pulsing situation had higher empower than pulsing, but that pulsing maximized power and minimized tranformity (maximized efficiency). We found that the national production of electricity in the US followed the pattern observed from the growth portion of the TechnPulse simulation by maximizing empower and minimizing transformity over the period 1995–2006. A contrast of two methods for estimating the emergy yield of systems (emergy summation based on common practices and transformity multiplication based on using minimum transformity at maximum empower) applied to PV electricity production revealed starkly different interpretations for PV’s role and viability as a primary source of electricity, but more importantly suggested that there is a easy rationale for employing each method. Finally, emergy evaluations can be improved by heeding Odum’s original definition of tranformity and using the minimum tranformity corresponding to maximum empower.

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  • Tilley, David, 2015. "Transformity dynamics related to maximum power for improved emergy yield estimations," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 315(C), pages 96-107.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:315:y:2015:i:c:p:96-107
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.10.035
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Linjun & Lu, Hongfang & Campbell, Daniel E. & Ren, Hai, 2011. "Methods for estimating the uncertainty in emergy table-form models," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(15), pages 2615-2622.
    2. Ingwersen, Wesley W., 2010. "Uncertainty characterization for emergy values," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(3), pages 445-452.
    3. Hudson, Amy & Tilley, David R., 2014. "Assessment of uncertainty in emergy evaluations using Monte Carlo simulations," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 271(C), pages 52-61.
    4. Tilley, David R., 2014. "Exploration of Odum's dynamic emergy accounting rules for suggested refinements," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 279(C), pages 36-44.
    5. Lee, Seungjun, 2014. "Resource pulses can increase power acquisition of an ecosystem," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 271(C), pages 21-31.
    6. Patterson, Murray G., 2012. "Are all processes equally efficient from an emergy perspective?," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 77-91.
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    1. Campbell, Daniel E., 2016. "Emergy baseline for the Earth: A historical review of the science and a new calculation," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 339(C), pages 96-125.

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