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Indicators to monitor the structural diversity of landscapes

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  • Walz, Ulrich

Abstract

An important level of biodiversity, alongside the diversity of genes and species, is the diversity of ecosystems and landscapes. In this contribution an indicator system is proposed to measure natural diversity (relief, soils, waters), cultural diversity (main land use classes, diversity of land use, ecotones, connectivity) and anthropogenic impacts (fragmentation, hemeroby, protection). The contribution gives an overview of various indicators on landscape diversity and heterogeneity currently used in Germany and Europe. Based on these indicators a complementary system, is presented. The indicators introduced here are derived from regular evaluations of the digital basis landscape model (Basic DLM) of the Authoritative Topographic-Cartographic Information System (ATKIS), the digital land cover model for Germany (LBM-DE) as well as other supplementary data such as the mapping of potential natural vegetation. With the proposed indicators it is possible to estimate cumulative land-use change and its impact on the environmental status and biodiversity, so that existing indicator systems are supplemented with meaningful additional information. Investigations have shown that indicators on forest fragmentation, hemeroby or ecotones can be derived from official geodata. As such geodata is regularly updated, trends in indicator values can be quickly identified. Large regional differences in the distribution of the proposed indicators have been confirmed, thereby revealing deficits and identifying those regions with a high potential for biodiversity. The indicators will be successively integrated into the web-based land-use monitor (http://www.ioer-monitor.de), which is freely available for public use.

Suggested Citation

  • Walz, Ulrich, 2015. "Indicators to monitor the structural diversity of landscapes," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 295(C), pages 88-106.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:295:y:2015:i:c:p:88-106
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.011
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    1. Oehmichen, Katja & Köhl, Michael, 2006. "Weiterentwicklung von Indikatoren zur Erfassung der Fragmentierung von Wäldern unter Berücksichtigung der Datenverfügbarkeit," Work report of the Institute for World Forestry 2006/2, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
    2. Fisher, Brendan & Turner, R. Kerry & Morling, Paul, 2009. "Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 643-653, January.
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    2. Piotr Krajewski, 2019. "Monitoring of Landscape Transformations within Landscape Parks in Poland in the 21st Century," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-22, April.
    3. Chopin, Pierre & Blazy, Jean-Marc & Guindé, Loïc & Wery, Jacques & Doré, Thierry, 2017. "A framework for designing multi-functional agricultural landscapes: Application to Guadeloupe Island," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 316-329.
    4. Schönhart, Martin & Schauppenlehner, Thomas & Kuttner, Michael & Kirchner, Mathias & Schmid, Erwin, 2016. "Climate change impacts on farm production, landscape appearance, and the environment: Policy scenario results from an integrated field-farm-landscape model in Austria," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 39-50.
    5. Simensen, Trond & Halvorsen, Rune & Erikstad, Lars, 2018. "Methods for landscape characterisation and mapping: A systematic review," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 557-569.
    6. Adegbite Adeleke Adesipo & Dirk Freese & Stefan Zerbe & Gerhard Wiegleb, 2021. "An Approach to Thresholds for Evaluating Post-Mining Site Reclamation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, May.
    7. Shuhan Liu & Dongyan Wang & Guoping Lei & Hong Li & Wenbo Li, 2019. "Elevated Risk of Ecological Land and Underlying Factors Associated with Rapid Urbanization and Overprotected Agriculture in Northeast China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-18, November.
    8. Monteleone, Massimo & Cammerino, Anna Rita Bernadette & Libutti, Angela, 2018. "Agricultural “greening” and cropland diversification trends: Potential contribution of agroenergy crops in Capitanata (South Italy)," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 591-600.
    9. Joanna Badach & Elżbieta Raszeja, 2019. "Developing a Framework for the Implementation of Landscape and Greenspace Indicators in Sustainable Urban Planning. Waterfront Landscape Management: Case Studies in Gdańsk, Poznań and Bristol," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-26, April.
    10. Gissi, Elena & Gaglio, Mattias & Reho, Matelda, 2016. "Sustainable energy potential from biomass through ecosystem services trade-off analysis: The case of the Province of Rovigo (Northern Italy)," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 1-19.
    11. Michael Roth & Silvio Hildebrandt & Ulrich Walz & Wolfgang Wende, 2021. "Large-Area Empirically Based Visual Landscape Quality Assessment for Spatial Planning—A Validation Approach by Method Triangulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, February.

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