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A linked model of animal ecology and human behavior for the management of wildlife tourism

Author

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  • Semeniuk, Christina A.D.
  • Haider, Wolfgang
  • Cooper, Andrew
  • Rothley, Kristina D.

Abstract

Wildlife tourism attractions are characterized as having intricately coupled human–wildlife interactions. Accordingly, the ability to mitigate negative impacts of tourism on wildlife necessitates research into the ecology of the system and of the human dimensions, since plans aimed at optimizing wildlife fitness must also be acceptable to tourists. We developed an integrated systems dynamics model for the management of tourist–stingray interactions at ‘Stingray City Sandbar’ (SCS), Cayman Islands. The model predicts the state of the tourism attraction over time in relation to stingray population size, stingray life expectancy, and tourist visitation under various management scenarios. Stingray population data in the model comprised growth rates and survival estimates (from mark-and-recapture data) and mortality estimates. Inputted changes in their respective rates under different management scenarios were informed by previous research. Original research on the demand of heterogeneous tourist segments for management regulations via a stated choice model was used to calculate changes in the tourist population growth rate from data supplied by the Caymanian government. The management attributes to which tourists were responsive also have anticipated effects on stingray ecology (migration and mortality), and vice versa, thus linking the two components. We found that the model's predictions over a 25-year time span were sensitive to the stingray population growth rate and alternate management options. Under certain management scenarios, it was possible to maximize both the tourist segment in favor of no management and stingray numbers while reducing stingray health. However, the most effective relative strategy included a reduction in visitor density, restricted stingray interactions, and an imposition of a small fee. Over time, although fewer stingrays were predicted to remain at SCS, they would live longer and experience fewer stochastic disease events, and the desirable tourist segment was predicted to predominate. By understanding how management will affect tourist activities and their subsequent impacts on both wildlife health and visitor satisfaction, one can explore the management alternatives that would optimize both.

Suggested Citation

  • Semeniuk, Christina A.D. & Haider, Wolfgang & Cooper, Andrew & Rothley, Kristina D., 2010. "A linked model of animal ecology and human behavior for the management of wildlife tourism," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(22), pages 2699-2713.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:221:y:2010:i:22:p:2699-2713
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.07.018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Weller, Florian & Cecchini, Lee-Anne & Shannon, Lynne & Sherley, Richard B. & Crawford, Robert J.M. & Altwegg, Res & Scott, Leanne & Stewart, Theodor & Jarre, Astrid, 2014. "A system dynamics approach to modelling multiple drivers of the African penguin population on Robben Island, South Africa," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 277(C), pages 38-56.
    2. Yun Eui Choi & Kihwan Song & Min Kim & Junga Lee, 2017. "Transformation Planning for Resilient Wildlife Habitats in Ecotourism Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-28, March.
    3. Jia Shi & Xuesong Guo & Xiangnan Hu, 2019. "Engaging Stakeholders in Urban Traffic Restriction Policy Assessment Using System Dynamics: The Case Study of Xi’an City, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Tanmay Sharma & Joseph S. Chen & Wan-Yu Liu, 2019. "Investigating Environmental Transgressions at Corbett Tiger Reserve, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Douglas J. Crookes & James N. Blignaut, 2015. "Debunking the myth that a legal trade will solve the rhino horn crisis: A system dynamics model for market demand," Working Papers 520, Economic Research Southern Africa.
    6. Cong, Li & Wu, Bihu & Morrison, Alastair M. & Shu, Hua & Wang, Mu, 2014. "Analysis of wildlife tourism experiences with endangered species: An exploratory study of encounters with giant pandas in Chengdu, China," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 300-310.

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