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Can domestication of wildlife lead to conservation? The economics of tiger farming in China

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  • Abbott, Brant
  • van Kooten, G. Cornelis

Abstract

Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical bioeconomic model is used to investigate the issue. Simulation results indicate that, unless range states are characterized by institutions (rule of law and low corruption) similar to those found in the richest countries, reliance on enforcement alone is insufficient to guarantee survival of wild tigers. Likewise, even though conservation payments could protect wild tigers, the inability to enforce contracts militates against this. Our model indicates that wild tigers can be protected by permitting sale of products from tiger farms, although this likely requires the granting of an exclusive license to sellers. Finally, it is possible to tradeoff enforcement effort and sale of products from captive-bred animals, but such tradeoffs are worsened by deteriorating tiger habitat.

Suggested Citation

  • Abbott, Brant & van Kooten, G. Cornelis, 2011. "Can domestication of wildlife lead to conservation? The economics of tiger farming in China," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(4), pages 721-728, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:70:y:2011:i:4:p:721-728
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    1. Eiswerth, Mark E. & van Kooten, G. Cornelis, 2009. "The ghost of extinction: Preservation values and minimum viable population in wildlife models," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 2129-2136, May.
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    5. Damania, Richard & Bulte, Erwin H., 2007. "The economics of wildlife farming and endangered species conservation," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(3-4), pages 461-472, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pavleska, Marija & Kerr, William A., 2020. "Importer's risk, smuggling and the role of incentives in the management of animal diseases," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    2. Solomon Hsiang & Nitin Sekar, 2016. "Does Legalization Reduce Black Market Activity? Evidence from a Global Ivory Experiment and Elephant Poaching Data," NBER Working Papers 22314, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Linlin Li & Zhigang Jiang, 2014. "International Trade of CITES Listed Bird Species in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-8, February.
    4. van Kooten, G. Cornelis & Bogle, Tim & de Vries, Frans P., 2012. "Rent Seeking and the Smoke and Mirrors Game in the Creation of Forest Sector Carbon Credits: An Example from British Columbia," Working Papers 137659, University of Victoria, Resource Economics and Policy.
    5. Alan Collins & Caroline Cox & Juniours Marire, 2020. "On the judicial annulment of the ‘domestic’ trade moratorium in South African rhinoceros horn: a law and economics perspective," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 49(3), pages 361-372, June.
    6. Lu Feng & Qiyi Cai & Yang Bai & Wenjie Liao, 2021. "China’s Wildlife Management Policy Framework: Preferences, Coordination and Optimization," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, August.
    7. Zareena Begum. I & Amanat K. Gill, 2014. "Analyzing the Pathway to Improve Tiger Conservation in India," Working Papers 2014-090, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Endangered species Extirpation Wildlife farming Bioeconomics;

    JEL classification:

    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
    • Q27 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Issues in International Trade
    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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