IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecolec/v201y2022ics0921800922002221.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risks and risk premiums of GE corn: A macromarketing framework

Author

Listed:
  • Nganje, William
  • Fosu, Prince

Abstract

It has been more than two decades since genetic engineered (GE) corn has been introduced in the United States and Spain. Despite the wide scale adoption of GE corn, (92% of planted acreage in the US in 2017), biodiversity conservation, environmental protection goals, and food safety continue to surface as potential risk factors. We developed a macromarketing framework to provide a linkage between the consumers, producers, and societal impacts of GE corn. An empirical Arbitrage Pricing Model (APT) was used to quantify risks and risk premiums associated with GE corn production. The risk premium deduced from the APT model provides a measure of intrinsic compensation for taking on higher or lower risks by participants in the marketing system. An Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression estimation of the APT model reveals that GE causes corn prices to go down due to increase supply, but significantly reduced the risk premium for producing corn in the United States. GE corn also provided environmental beneficial outcomes by reducing the use of fertilizers.

Suggested Citation

  • Nganje, William & Fosu, Prince, 2022. "Risks and risk premiums of GE corn: A macromarketing framework," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:201:y:2022:i:c:s0921800922002221
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107560
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800922002221
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107560?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Giraud, Kelly L. & Bond, Craig A. & Bond, Jennifer Keeling, 2005. "Consumer Preferences for Locally Made Specialty Food Products Across Northern New England," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 34(2), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Dahl, Bruce & Wilson, William W., 2018. "Risk premiums due to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat and barley," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 145-153.
    3. Stephen A. Ross, 2013. "The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 1, pages 11-30, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Nicolaas Groenewold, 1997. "Share Prices and Macroeconomic Factors," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(9&10), pages 1367-1383.
    5. Santi Sanglestsawai & Roderick M. Rejesus & Jose M. Yorobe Jr., 2015. "Economic impacts of integrated pest management (IPM) farmer field schools (FFS): evidence from onion farmers in the Philippines," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 46(2), pages 149-162, March.
    6. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    7. William E. Nganje & Mary S. Friedrichsen & Cole R. Gustafson & Gregory McKee, 2007. "Marginal impact of sales consultant visits and financing opportunities on adoption of variable‐rate fertilizer application," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 67(2), pages 295-310, November.
    8. Fosu, Prince & Wahl, Thomas I., 2019. "Trade in CRISPR Wheat: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis," 2019 Annual Meeting, July 21-23, Atlanta, Georgia 290921, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Nicolaas, Patricia Groenewold Fraser, 1997. "Share Prices and Macroeconomic Factors," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(9‐10), pages 1367-1383, October.
    10. Philippe Bontems & Alban Thomas, 2000. "Information Value and Risk Premium in Agricultural Production: The Case of Split Nitrogen Application for Corn," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 82(1), pages 59-70.
    11. Barham, Bradford L. & Chavas, Jean-Paul & Fitz, Dylan & Salas, Vanessa Ríos & Schechter, Laura, 2014. "The roles of risk and ambiguity in technology adoption," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 204-218.
    12. Lalitha, N., 2004. "Diffusion of agricultural biotechnology and intellectual property rights: emerging issues in India," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 187-198, June.
    13. Giraud, Kelly L. & Bond, Craig A. & Bond, Jennifer J., 2005. "Consumer Preferences for Locally Made Specialty Food Products Across Northern New England," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34(2), pages 204-216, October.
    14. Fama, Eugene F & MacBeth, James D, 1973. "Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 607-636, May-June.
    15. Adusumilli, Naveen & Wang, Hua & Dodla, Syam & Deliberto, Michael, 2020. "Estimating risk premiums for adopting no-till and cover crops management practices in soybean production system using stochastic efficiency approach," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Roman Mestre, 2021. "A wavelet approach of investing behaviors and their effects on risk exposures," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-37, December.
    2. Séverine CAUCHIE & Martin HOESLI, 2004. "The Integration of Securitized Real Estate and Financial Assets," FAME Research Paper Series rp111, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
    3. Don U.A. Galagedera, 2004. "A survey on risk-return analysis," Finance 0406010, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Petros Messis & Antonis Alexandridis & Achilleas Zapranis, 2021. "Testing and comparing conditional risk‐return relationship with a new approach in the cross‐sectional framework," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 218-240, January.
    5. Nick Durack & Robert B. Durand & Ross A. Maller, 2004. "A best choice among asset pricing models? The Conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model in Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 44(2), pages 139-162, July.
    6. Piotr Wdowinski, 2004. "Determinants of Country Beta Risk in Poland," CESifo Working Paper Series 1120, CESifo.
    7. Nida SHAH* & Javaid DARS* & Ambreen ZEB**, 2015. "Market Varying Conditional Risk-Return Relationship," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 25(1), pages 25-43.
    8. Padrón, Yaiza García & Boza, Juan García, 2006. "Which are the Risk Factors in the Pricing of Personal Pension in Spain?," Revista Brasileira de Economia - RBE, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil), vol. 60(2), November.
    9. Fahad Ali & RongRong He & YueXiang Jiang, 2018. "Size, Value and Business Cycle Variables. The Three-Factor Model and Future Economic Growth: Evidence from an Emerging Market," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-24, February.
    10. Gazi Mainul Hassan & Hisham M. Al refai, 2012. "Can macroeconomic factors explain equity returns in the long run? The case of Jordan," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(13), pages 1029-1041, July.
    11. Stoian, Andreea & Iorgulescu, Filip, 2020. "Fiscal policy and stock market efficiency: An ARDL Bounds Testing approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 406-416.
    12. Cauchie, Severine & Hoesli, Martin & Isakov, Dusan, 2004. "The determinants of stock returns in a small open economy," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 167-185.
    13. N. Groenewold & P. Fraser, 1998. "Tests of Asset-pricing Models: How important is the IID-normal assumptions?," Economics Discussion / Working Papers 98-20, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics.
    14. Shaikh, Salman, 2013. "Investment Decisions by Analysts: A Case Study of KSE," MPRA Paper 53802, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Bakalli, Gaetan & Guerrier, Stéphane & Scaillet, Olivier, 2023. "A penalized two-pass regression to predict stock returns with time-varying risk premia," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 237(2).
    16. Keming Li, 2021. "The effect of option trading," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-32, December.
    17. Gil-Bazo, Javier & Ruiz-Verdú, Pablo, 2006. "Yet another puzzle? the relation between price and performance in the mutual fund industry," DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB wb066519, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa.
    18. Aleksejs Krecetovs & Pasquale Della Corte, 2016. "Macro uncertainty and currency premia," 2016 Meeting Papers 624, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    19. Cowan, Adrian M. & Joutz, Frederick L., 2006. "An unobserved component model of asset pricing across financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 86-107.
    20. Kanokwan Chancharoenchai & Wuthiya Saraithong, 2022. "Sustainable Development of Cassava Value Chain through the Promotion of Locally Sourced Chips," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Genetic engineered corn; Risk; Risk premium; Arbitrage pricing theory; Macromarketing system;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q16 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:201:y:2022:i:c:s0921800922002221. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolecon .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.