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Environmental Justice in India: Incidence of Air Pollution from Coal-Fired Power Plants

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  • Kopas, Jacob
  • York, Erin
  • Jin, Xiaomeng
  • Harish, S.P.
  • Kennedy, Ryan
  • Shen, Shiran Victoria
  • Urpelainen, Johannes

Abstract

Air pollution is a vexing problem for emerging countries that strike a delicate balance between environmental protection, health, and energy for growth. We examine these difficulties in a study of disparate levels of exposure to pollution from coal-fired power generation in India, a country with high levels of air pollution and large, marginalized populations. With data on coal plant locations, atmospheric conditions, and census demographics, we estimate exposure to coal plant emissions using models that predict emission transportation. We find that ethnic and poor populations are more likely to be exposed to coal pollution. However, this relationship is sometimes non-linear and follows an inverted u-shape similar to that of an Environmental Kuznets Curve. We theorize that this non-linear relationship is due to the exclusion of marginalized communities from both the negative and positive externalities of industrial development.

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  • Kopas, Jacob & York, Erin & Jin, Xiaomeng & Harish, S.P. & Kennedy, Ryan & Shen, Shiran Victoria & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2020. "Environmental Justice in India: Incidence of Air Pollution from Coal-Fired Power Plants," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:176:y:2020:i:c:s0921800919304197
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106711
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    7. Zhang, Guo-Xing & Yang, Yang & Su, Bin & Nie, Yan & Duan, Hong-Bo, 2023. "Electricity production, power generation structure, and air pollution: A monthly data analysis for 279 cities in China (2015–2019)," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    8. Aguilar-Gómez , Sandra & Cárdenas, Juan Camilo & Salas Díaz, Ricardo, 2024. "Environmental Justice Beyond Race: Skin Tone and Exposure to Air Pollution," Documentos CEDE 21042, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    9. Upadhyay, Saurabh, 2022. "Drivers for sustainable mining waste management – A mixed-method study on the Indian Mining Industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
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