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International Trade and Energy Intensity During European Industrialization, 1870–1935

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  • Kander, Astrid
  • Warde, Paul
  • Teives Henriques, Sofia
  • Nielsen, Hana
  • Kulionis, Viktoras
  • Hagen, Sven

Abstract

Previous research suggests that there is an inverted U-shape curve for energy intensity in the long-run for Western Europe with a peak in the early 20th century. This paper tests the hypothesis that the increase of German and British energy intensity was an effect from the concentration of heavy industrial production to these countries, although the consumption of a significant share of these goods took place elsewhere. We use an entirely new database that we have constructed (TEG: Trade, Energy, Growth) to test whether these countries exported more energy-demanding goods than they imported, thus providing other countries with means to industrialize and to consume cheap-energy demanding goods.

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  • Kander, Astrid & Warde, Paul & Teives Henriques, Sofia & Nielsen, Hana & Kulionis, Viktoras & Hagen, Sven, 2017. "International Trade and Energy Intensity During European Industrialization, 1870–1935," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 33-44.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:139:y:2017:i:c:p:33-44
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.042
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