IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecanpo/v75y2022icp74-90.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Narrowing urban–rural income gap in China: The role of the targeted poverty alleviation program

Author

Listed:
  • Tang, Jianjun
  • Gong, Jiaowei
  • Ma, Wanglin
  • Rahut, Dil Bahadur

Abstract

The Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) program in China is widely regarded for its influence in eliminating extreme poverty of 70 million rural inhabitants. However, little is known about the extent to which the TPA program narrows the income gap between urban and rural households. Therefore, this study estimates the effect of the TPA program on the urban–rural income gap, measured by the Theil index. A difference-in-difference model with fixed-effects is used to estimate the panel dataset of 279 prefecture-level cities during 2010–2020. The findings show that the TPA program significantly reduced the urban–rural income gap. We obtain robust results using urban–rural income ratio as an income gap measure. Heterogeneous analysis reveals that the income gap reduction effects of the TPA program are largest in the underdeveloped western region, and the effect is smaller for households residing in the central and eastern regions. Effective targeting and a focus on capability building, following regional differences make the program a notable example in reducing poverty and inequality consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Tang, Jianjun & Gong, Jiaowei & Ma, Wanglin & Rahut, Dil Bahadur, 2022. "Narrowing urban–rural income gap in China: The role of the targeted poverty alleviation program," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 74-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:75:y:2022:i:c:p:74-90
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2022.05.004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0313592622000716
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.eap.2022.05.004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. United Nations UN, 2015. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015," Working Papers id:7097, eSocialSciences.
    2. Li, Xiaokang & Guo, Hongdong & Jin, Songqing & Ma, Wanglin & Zeng, Yiwu, 2021. "Do farmers gain internet dividends from E-commerce adoption? Evidence from China," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    3. Zhenxiong Huang & Hangtian Xu & Jianming Li & Nengsheng Luo, 2020. "Has highway construction narrowed the urban–rural income gap? Evidence from Chinese cities," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(3), pages 705-723, June.
    4. Chunlai Chen, 2016. "The impact of foreign direct investment on urban-rural income inequality," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 8(3), pages 480-497, September.
    5. Zuocheng Chen & Krishna P. Paudel, 2021. "Economic openness, government efficiency, and urbanization," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 1351-1372, August.
    6. Torres-Rojo, Juan Manuel & Moreno-Sánchez, Rafael & Amador-Callejas, Joel, 2019. "Effect of capacity building in alleviating poverty and improving forest conservation in the communal forests of Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 108-122.
    7. Lili Li & Yiwu Zeng & Zi Ye & Hongdong Guo, 2021. "E‐commerce development and urban‐rural income gap: Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(2), pages 475-494, April.
    8. Hong-wei Zhang & Wei-guo Chen & Jie Zhang, 2012. "Urban--rural income disparities and development in a panel data set of China for the period from 1978 to 2006," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(21), pages 2717-2728, July.
    9. Huifu Nong & Qing Zhang & Hongjia Zhu & Rong Zhu, 2022. "Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Children’s Academic Performance in China," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 68(4), pages 951-969, December.
    10. Florian Dorn & Clemens Fuest & Niklas Potrafke, 2022. "Trade openness and income inequality: New empirical evidence," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(1), pages 202-223, January.
    11. Chi‐Wei Su & Yu Song & Ye‐Ting Ma & Ran Tao, 2019. "Is financial development narrowing the urban–rural income gap? A cross‐regional study of China," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(4), pages 1779-1800, August.
    12. Seyed Ali Madanizadeh & Hanifa Pilvar, 2019. "The impact of trade openness on labour force participation rate," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(24), pages 2654-2668, May.
    13. Justin Yifu Lin & Binkai Chen, 2011. "Urbanization and Urban-Rural Inequality in China: A New Perspective from the Government¡¯s Development Strategy," Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities, Higher Education Press, vol. 6(1), pages 1-21, March.
    14. Moheddine Younsi & Marwa Bechtini, 2020. "Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Income Inequality in BRICS Countries: Does Kuznets’ Inverted U-Shaped Curve Exist?," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 11(2), pages 721-742, June.
    15. Malerba, Daniele, 2020. "Poverty alleviation and local environmental degradation: An empirical analysis in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    16. Li, Bin & Li, Tuo & Yu, Man & Chen, Bin, 2017. "Can equalization of public services narrow the regional disparities in China? A spatial econometrics approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 67-78.
    17. Arshad A. Khan & Sufyan U. Khan & Shah Fahad & Muhammad A. S. Ali & Aftab Khan & Jianchao Luo, 2021. "Microfinance and poverty reduction: New evidence from Pakistan," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 4723-4733, July.
    18. Cheng, Xiaoyu & Wang, Jianying & Chen, Kevin Z., 2022. "Does villager social capital hinder poverty targeting? Evidence from poverty-stricken county of Western China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    19. Molero-Simarro, Ricardo, 2017. "Inequality in China revisited. The effect of functional distribution of income on urban top incomes, the urban-rural gap and the Gini index, 1978–2015," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 101-117.
    20. Yansui Liu & Yuanzhi Guo & Yang Zhou, 2018. "Poverty alleviation in rural China: policy changes, future challenges and policy implications," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(2), pages 241-259, May.
    21. Liu, Cenjie & Fang, Jiayu & Xie, Rui, 2021. "Energy policy and corporate financial performance: Evidence from China's 11th five-year plan," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    22. Joseph Mawejje & Patrick McSharry, 2021. "The economic cost of conflict: Evidence from South Sudan," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 1969-1990, November.
    23. Sourafel Girma & Hibret Maemir, 2022. "Joint effects of exporting and outward FDI on firm‐level capital investment in India," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 606-624, February.
    24. Terry Sicular & Yue Ximing & Björn Gustafsson & Li Shi, 2007. "The Urban–Rural Income Gap And Inequality In China," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 53(1), pages 93-126, March.
    25. Xiaolong Feng & Wanglin Ma & Mingyue Liu & Huanguang Qiu, 2022. "Impact of grassland transfer on technical efficiency of livestock production in Northern China," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(6), pages 702-718, February.
    26. Lingling Hou & Fang Xia & Qihui Chen & Jikun Huang & Yong He & Nathan Rose & Scott Rozelle, 2021. "Grassland ecological compensation policy in China improves grassland quality and increases herders’ income," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    27. Li, Pei & Lu, Yi & Wang, Jin, 2016. "Does flattening government improve economic performance? Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 18-37.
    28. Mora-Rivera, Jorge & García-Mora, Fernando, 2021. "Internet access and poverty reduction: Evidence from rural and urban Mexico," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(2).
    29. Yuheng Li & Baozhong Su & Yansui Liu, 2016. "Realizing targeted poverty alleviation in China," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 8(3), pages 443-454, September.
    30. Anh Thu Quang Pham & Pundarik Mukhopadhaya, 2022. "Multidimensionl Poverty and The Role of Social Capital in Poverty Alleviation Among Ethnic Groups in Rural Vietnam: A Multilevel Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 159(1), pages 281-317, January.
    31. Victor Couture & Benjamin Faber & Yizhen Gu & Lizhi Liu, 2021. "Connecting the Countryside via E-Commerce: Evidence from China," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 3(1), pages 35-50, March.
    32. Berrittella, Maria & Dardanoni, Valentino, 2016. "Nonlinearity in intergenerational income transmission: A cross-country analysis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1-10.
    33. Yuan, Yuan & Wang, Mingshu & Zhu, Yi & Huang, Xianjin & Xiong, Xuefeng, 2020. "Urbanization’s effects on the urban-rural income gap in China: A meta-regression analysis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    34. Wang, Xiang & Shao, Shuai & Li, Ling, 2019. "Agricultural inputs, urbanization, and urban-rural income disparity: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 67-84.
    35. Alkire, Sabina & Oldiges, Christian & Kanagaratnam, Usha, 2021. "Examining multidimensional poverty reduction in India 2005/6–2015/16: Insights and oversights of the headcount ratio," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    36. Liu, Zhen & Lan, Jing, 2015. "The Sloping Land Conversion Program in China: Effect on the Livelihood Diversification of Rural Households," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 147-161.
    37. Fei, Rilong & Lin, Ziyi & Chunga, Joseph, 2021. "How land transfer affects agricultural land use efficiency: Evidence from China’s agricultural sector," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    38. Roberts, Michael R. & Whited, Toni M., 2013. "Endogeneity in Empirical Corporate Finance1," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 493-572, Elsevier.
    39. Philippe Aghion & Patrick Bolton, 1997. "A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 64(2), pages 151-172.
    40. Wang, Siliang & Tan, Shukui & Yang, Shengfu & Lin, Qiaowen & Zhang, Lu, 2019. "Urban-biased land development policy and the urban-rural income gap: Evidence from Hubei Province, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    41. Juan Yang & Man Gao, 2018. "The impact of education expansion on wage inequality," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(12), pages 1309-1323, March.
    42. Georgina Davie & Mark Wang & Sarah Rogers & Jie Li, 2021. "Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China: A Typology of Official–Household Relations," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 21(3), pages 244-263, July.
    43. United Nations UN, 2015. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015," Working Papers id:7222, eSocialSciences.
    44. Hong-wei Zhang & Wei-guo Chen & Jie Zhang, 2012. "Urban–rural income disparities and development in a panel data set of China for the period from 1978 to 2006," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(21), pages 2717-2728, July.
    45. Luna Bellani & Michela Bia, 2019. "The long‐run effect of childhood poverty and the mediating role of education," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 182(1), pages 37-68, January.
    46. Wan, Guanghua & Hu, Xiaoshan & Liu, Weiqun, 2021. "China's poverty reduction miracle and relative poverty: Focusing on the roles of growth and inequality," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    47. De Gregorio, Jose, 1996. "Borrowing constraints, human capital accumulation, and growth," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 49-71, February.
    48. Dong, Xiao-Ying & Hao, Yu, 2018. "Would income inequality affect electricity consumption? Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 215-227.
    49. Jiang, Yanan & Guan, Dongjie & He, Xiujuan & Yin, Boling & Zhou, Lilei & Sun, Lingli & Huang, Danan & Li, Zihui & Zhang, Yanjun, 2022. "Quantification of the coupling relationship between ecological compensation and ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    50. Mussini, Mauro, 2013. "On decomposing inequality and poverty changes over time: A multi-dimensional decomposition," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 8-18.
    51. Anderson, Edward, 2005. "Openness and inequality in developing countries: A review of theory and recent evidence," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1045-1063, July.
    52. James Temitope Dada & Taiwo Akinlo, 2021. "Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa: does environmental degradation matter?," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-10, December.
    53. Luo, Chuliang & Li, Shi & Sicular, Terry, 2020. "The long-term evolution of national income inequality and rural poverty in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    54. Jingrong Li & Bowen Li, 2022. "Digital inclusive finance and urban innovation: Evidence from China," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 1010-1034, May.
    55. Justin Lin & Binkai Chen, 2011. "Urbanization and urban-rural inequality in china: a new perspective from the government’s development strategy," Frontiers of Economics in China, Springer;Higher Education Press, vol. 6(1), pages 1-21, March.
    56. Liao, Chuan & Fei, Ding & Huang, Qingxu & Jiang, Lu & Shi, Peijun, 2021. "Targeted poverty alleviation through photovoltaic-based intervention: Rhetoric and reality in Qinghai, China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    57. Huang, Chien-Chung & Jin, Huiying & Zhang, Jieyou & Zheng, Qinqin & Chen, Yafan & Cheung, Shannon & Liu, Chuwei, 2020. "The effects of an innovative e-commerce poverty alleviation platform on Chinese rural laborer skills development and family well-being," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    58. Xiao, Han & Zheng, Xinye & Xie, Lunyu, 2022. "Promoting pro-poor growth through infrastructure investment: Evidence from the Targeted Poverty Alleviation program in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    59. Deepti Ahuja & Deepak Pandit, 2020. "Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Developing Countries," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 9(3), pages 228-236, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhe Zhang, 2022. "Research on the Impact of Digital Finance on China's Urban-Rural Income Gap," Review of Economic Assessment, Anser Press, vol. 1(1), pages 63-75, December.
    2. Dan Pan & Jinlong Zhou & Yi Yu & Shengdong Chen, 2024. "Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform and Urban-Rural Income Gap: A County-Scale Big Data Analysis in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, August.
    3. Pinto, Thiago L.S. & Tabak, Benjamin Miranda & Cajueiro, Daniel O., 2023. "How politics can influence the allocation of social program benefits: A case study of the Brazilian poverty reduction program Bolsa Família," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 77-89.
    4. Ding, Chante Jian & Zhao, Mu & Wang, Jiaxin & Shao, David Xuefeng & Miah, Shah J. & Yue, Lin, 2024. "Social robots in the context of corporate participation in rural revitalization: A binary legitimacy perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    5. Ran, Rong & Hua, Lei & Xiao, Junfu & Ma, Li & Pang, Mingyue & Ni, Zhengxing, 2023. "Can poverty alleviation policy enhance ecosystem service value? Evidence from poverty-stricken regions in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1509-1525.
    6. Yuxin Meng & Lu Liu & Qiying Ran, 2022. "Can Urban Green Transformation Reduce the Urban–Rural Income Gap? Empirical Evidence Based on Spatial Durbin Model and Mediation Effect Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-24, December.
    7. Xinwen Lin & Angathevar Baskaran & Yajie Zhang, 2023. "Watershed Horizontal Ecological Compensation Policy and Green Ecological City Development: Spatial and Mechanism Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-21, February.
    8. Yu, Xiaodong & Sun, Shize & Cheng, Xirong & Wang, Meiling & Fu, Xiaoxia, 2024. "Does a government's organizational structure affect the governance structure of local family firms? A perspective on the number of cities’ subordinate counties," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    9. Jing Zhang & Bingbing Huang & Xinming Chen & Congmou Zhu & Muye Gan, 2022. "Multidimensional Evaluation of the Quality of Rural Life Using Big Data from the Perspective of Common Prosperity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-21, October.
    10. Dan Luo & Feifan Wang & Yue Gu & Jiamin Lv, 2024. "How Does Digital Finance Contribute to Sustainable Wealth Growth: Perspective from Residents’ Income," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-24, September.
    11. Yang, Zhen & Gao, Weijun & Han, Qing & Qi, Liyan, 2024. "Aggravating or alleviating? Smart city construction and urban inequality in China," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    12. Junpeng Li & Puneet Vatsa & Wanglin Ma, 2024. "Flush toilet use and its impact on health and non‐health expenditures," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(4), pages 2022-2046, May.
    13. Bo Cheng & Wenhao Xue & Yi Zheng & Zhe Yang & Yulu Tian, 2023. "The Impact of Establishment of Nature Reserves on the Urban–Rural Income Gap: Evidence from County-Level Analysis in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-12, August.
    14. Luo, Haotian & Hu, Qing, 2024. "A re-examination of the influence of human capital on urban-rural income gap in China: College enrollment expansion, digital economy and spatial spillover," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 494-519.
    15. Haoyu Shu & Jianping Zha & Rong Ma & Minqing Yan, 2024. "Chance or challenge? Understanding how the Internet affects the nexus between tourism and urban-rural income inequality," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(8), pages 2089-2110, December.
    16. Xiaochi Qu & Haozhe Zhang & Guohua Bi & Kangchuan Su & Zhongxun Zhang & Yao Qian & Qingyuan Yang, 2022. "Spatial Effects of the Land Supply Scale of Different Industrial Sectors on High-Quality Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, October.
    17. Qi Jiang & Yihan Li & Hongyun Si, 2022. "Digital Economy Development and the Urban–Rural Income Gap: Intensifying or Reducing," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    18. Shiyu Yan & Jiao Wang & Zhineng Hu, 2023. "Assessment of the effects of targeted poverty alleviation policy on differently poverty‐stricken households: A multi‐propensity score weighting model," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 1792-1833, August.
    19. Zhang, Ning & Yang, Wantong & Ke, Haiqian, 2024. "Does rural e-commerce drive up incomes for rural residents? Evidence from Taobao villages in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 976-998.
    20. Li, Junpeng & Ma, Wanglin & Gong, Binlei, 2023. "Market participation and subjective well-being of maize farmers," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 941-960.
    21. Jianxu Liu & Xiaoqing Li & Shutong Liu & Sanzidur Rahman & Songsak Sriboonchitta, 2022. "Addressing Rural–Urban Income Gap in China through Farmers’ Education and Agricultural Productivity Growth via Mediation and Interaction Effects," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, November.
    22. Mallawaarachchi, Thilak & Rahut, Dil Bahadur, 2023. "Realising rural economic transformation: Pathways to inclusive and sustainable prosperity in post-COVID-19 Asia," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1076-1082.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Zhen & Gao, Weijun & Han, Qing & Qi, Liyan, 2024. "Aggravating or alleviating? Smart city construction and urban inequality in China," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    2. Jianxu Liu & Xiaoqing Li & Shutong Liu & Sanzidur Rahman & Songsak Sriboonchitta, 2022. "Addressing Rural–Urban Income Gap in China through Farmers’ Education and Agricultural Productivity Growth via Mediation and Interaction Effects," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, November.
    3. Li, Xitong & He, Peiming & Liao, Honglin & Liu, Jindan & Chen, Litai, 2024. "Does network infrastructure construction reduce urban–rural income inequality? Based on the “Broadband China” policy," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    4. Tang, Le & Sun, Shiyu, 2022. "Fiscal incentives, financial support for agriculture, and urban-rural inequality," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    5. Qi Jiang & Yihan Li & Hongyun Si, 2022. "Digital Economy Development and the Urban–Rural Income Gap: Intensifying or Reducing," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, November.
    6. Chang, Qing & Ma, Wanglin & Vatsa, Puneet & Li, Jian, 2022. "Has the Targeted Poverty Alleviation program improved household welfare in rural China?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(5), pages 1041-1056.
    7. Wenli Cheng & Yongzheng Wu, 2017. "Understanding the Kuznets Process—An Empirical Investigation of Income Inequality in China: 1978–2011," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 134(2), pages 631-650, November.
    8. Yong Liu & Cuihong Long, 2021. "Urban and Rural Income Gap: Does Urban Spatial Form Matter in China?," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440211, March.
    9. Huang, Ruting & Yao, Xin, 2023. "The role of power transmission infrastructure in income inequality: Fresh evidence from China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    10. Qiuyang Zhou & Zhenqiang Li, 2021. "The impact of industrial structure upgrades on the urban–rural income gap: An empirical study based on China's provincial panel data," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(3), pages 1761-1782, September.
    11. Ping Zhang & Weiwei Li & Kaixu Zhao & Sidong Zhao, 2021. "Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Urban–Rural Income Gap in Gansu Province of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-29, September.
    12. Dan Pan & Jinlong Zhou & Yi Yu & Shengdong Chen, 2024. "Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform and Urban-Rural Income Gap: A County-Scale Big Data Analysis in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, August.
    13. Li, Mengxu & Liu, Jianghua & Chen, Yang & Yang, Zhijiu, 2023. "Can sustainable development strategy reduce income inequality in resource-based regions? A natural resource dependence perspective," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    14. MA Xinxin & KOMATSU Sho, 2023. "Impact of E-commerce Development on Income Inequality: Evidence from rural China based on cross-county panel data," Discussion papers 23044, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    15. Giefer, Madeline M. & An, Li, 2022. "Divergent impacts of the grain to green program, landholdings, and demographic factors on livelihood diversification in rural China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    16. Duan, Wenqi & Jiang, Mingming & Qi, Jianhong, 2024. "Poverty or pollution: The environmental cost of E-commerce for poverty reduction in China," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    17. Xu, Yujie & Wang, Yinan, 2023. "Has financial development made income more equal? – From the perspective of regional development imbalance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    18. Lin, Boqiang & Wang, You, 2024. "How does the natural disasters affect urban-rural income gap? Empirical evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    19. Xiaojing Li & Apurbo Sarkar & Xianli Xia & Waqar Hussain Memon, 2021. "Village Environment, Capital Endowment, and Farmers’ Participation in E-Commerce Sales Behavior: A Demand Observable Bivariate Probit Model Approach," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
    20. Zuocheng Chen & Krishna P. Paudel & Stephen Devadoss, 2024. "Economic openness, financial bias, and the urban–rural income gap," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(1), pages 242-263, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Urban–rural income gap; Poverty alleviation; Difference-in-difference; Theil index; China;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:75:y:2022:i:c:p:74-90. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/economic-analysis-and-policy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.