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Neighborhood structure and foster care entry risk: The role of spatial scale in defining neighborhoods

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  • Lery, Bridgette

Abstract

The renewed popularity of neighborhood-based child welfare services has been built on studies showing that certain neighborhood demographic characteristics are linked to child maltreatment. In response to this data, public child welfare system reform efforts seek to target services to neighborhoods at high risk for child welfare involvement. This study examines whether or not those neighborhood attributes are related to the risk of entering foster care. These relationships are examined at three spatial scales to establish whether the associations change depending on neighborhood operationalization. Foster care entries between 2000 and 2003 (n = 3311) from a largely urban California county are geocoded to each of the three scales (N = 46 zip codes, 320 Census tracts and 983 Census block groups). Fourteen demographic Census indicators are reduced to four meaningful constructs. Residential instability, impoverishment and childcare burden are positively associated with high foster care entry rates no matter how neighborhoods are delineated.

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  • Lery, Bridgette, 2009. "Neighborhood structure and foster care entry risk: The role of spatial scale in defining neighborhoods," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 331-337, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:31:y:2009:i:3:p:331-337
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    1. Freisthler, Bridget, 2004. "A spatial analysis of social disorganization, alcohol access, and rates of child maltreatment in neighborhoods," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(9), pages 803-819, September.
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    1. Russell, Jesse & Macgill, Stephanie, 2015. "Demographics, policy, and foster care rates; A Predictive Analytics Approach," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 118-126.
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    4. Fred Wulczyn & Xiaomeng Zhou & Jamie McClanahan & Scott Huhr & Kristen Hislop & Forrest Moore & Emily Rhodes, 2023. "Race, Poverty, and Foster Care Placement in the United States: Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Esposito, Tonino & Chabot, Martin & Rothwell, David W. & Trocmé, Nico & Delaye, Ashleigh, 2017. "Out-of-home placement and regional variations in poverty and health and social services spending: A multilevel analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 34-43.
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    7. Esposito, Tonino & Trocmé, Nico & Chabot, Martin & Shlonsky, Aron & Collin-Vézina, Delphine & Sinha, Vandna, 2013. "Placement of children in out-of-home care in Québec, Canada: When and for whom initial out-of-home placement is most likely to occur," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2031-2039.
    8. Park, Jung Min & Helton, Jesse, 2010. "Transitioning from informal to formal substitute care following maltreatment investigation," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 998-1003, July.
    9. Rolock, Nancy & Jantz, Ian & Abner, Kristin, 2015. "Community perceptions and foster care placement: A multi-level analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 186-191.
    10. Klein, Sacha & Fries, Lauren & Emmons, Mary M., 2017. "Early care and education arrangements and young children's risk of foster placement: Findings from a National Child Welfare Sample," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 168-178.
    11. Kahn, Nicholas E. & Hansen, Mary Eschelbach, 2017. "Measuring racial disparities in foster care placement: A case study of Texas," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 213-226.
    12. Wulczyn, Fred & Gibbons, Robert & Snowden, Lonnie & Lery, Bridgette, 2013. "Poverty, social disadvantage, and the black/white placement gap," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 65-74.
    13. Weber, Sabine & Landolt, Markus A. & Maier, Thomas & Mohler-Kuo, Meichun & Schnyder, Ulrich & Jud, Andreas, 2017. "Psychotherapeutic care for sexually-victimized children – Do service providers meet the need? Multilevel analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 165-172.
    14. Fast, Elizabeth & Trocmé, Nico & Fallon, Barbara & Ma, Jennifer, 2014. "A troubled group? Adolescents in a Canadian child welfare sample," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 47-54.
    15. Yi, Youngmin & Edwards, Frank & Emanuel, Natalia & Lee, Hedwig & Leventhal, John M. & Waldfogel, Jane & Wildeman, Christopher, 2023. "State-level variation in the cumulative prevalence of child welfare system contact, 2015–2019," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    16. Batsche, Catherine J. & Reader, Steven, 2012. "Using GIS to enhance programs serving emancipated youth leaving foster care," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 25-33.
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