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Validity of an expanded assessment of adverse childhood experiences: A replication study

Author

Listed:
  • Choi, Changyong
  • Mersky, Joshua P.
  • Janczewski, Colleen E.
  • Plummer Lee, Chien-Ti
  • Davies, W. Hobart
  • Lang, Amy C.

Abstract

Research has shown unequivocally that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and consequential, but the field lacks consensus around how they should be measured. This replication study reexamined the construct and concurrent validity of the Childhood Experiences Survey (CES), an expanded assessment of 10 conventional ACEs and seven novel childhood adversities. The CES was administered to three samples of adults with children in a Midwest state: (1) caregivers whose children were the subject of a screened-in child protective services report (n = 1,087), (2) low-income women who voluntarily enrolled in a home visiting program (n = 659), and (3) a convenience sample from general population (n = 667). The prevalence of childhood adversities and their intercorrelations were assessed. Extending a previous exploratory analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the underlying structure of the CES, and tests of association were performed between the factors and adult mental health outcomes. Results confirmed that all 17 adversities were common and interrelated. For each sample, the 10 conventional ACEs fit a two-factor structure: child maltreatment and household dysfunction. The expanded assessment of 17 adversities fit a four-factor solution: direct victimization/household dysfunction, neglect, poverty, and family separation/loss. All factors were significantly associated (p < .05) with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in all three samples. Implications for further measurement development aimed at advancing ACE research are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Choi, Changyong & Mersky, Joshua P. & Janczewski, Colleen E. & Plummer Lee, Chien-Ti & Davies, W. Hobart & Lang, Amy C., 2020. "Validity of an expanded assessment of adverse childhood experiences: A replication study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:117:y:2020:i:c:s0190740920303984
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105216
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jason Fletcher & Marsha Mailick & Jieun Song & Barbara Wolfe, 2013. "A Sibling Death in the Family: Common and Consequential," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(3), pages 803-826, June.
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    1. Hughes, Phillip M. & Thomas, Kathleen C., 2024. "Generational differences in latent classes of exposure to adverse childhood experiences," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    2. Baiden, Philip & LaBrenz, Catherine A. & Okine, Lucinda & Thrasher, Shawndaya & Asiedua-Baiden, Gladys, 2020. "The toxic duo: Bullying involvement and adverse childhood experiences as factors associated with school disengagement among children," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Tomlinson, Camie A. & Shin, Sunny H. & Corso, Casey & Jiskrova, Gabriela Ksinan, 2024. "Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and mental health symptoms among young adults," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    4. Park, Eonju & Lee, Jaegoo & Han, Jisu, 2021. "The association between adverse childhood experiences and young adult outcomes: A scoping study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).

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