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Loafing in the 21st century: Enhanced opportunities--and remedies--for withholding job effort in the new workplace

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  • Kidwell, Roland E.

Abstract

The electronic workplace, a greater emphasis on knowledge work and teams, and the increased relevance of managing impressions of work performance are among factors that relate to higher levels of withholding effort among problem employees in the 21st century. This article considers these three factors in the context of dominant organizational forms--low-cost operators, global competitor corporations, and high-involvement firms--and how each can lead to lower on-the-job effort. Remedies are offered for new forms of withholding effort such as cyberloafing, as well as hiding lack of effort in virtual teams and through impression management. In addition, a different way of considering the problem of lower job effort is proposed through examination of how a work ethic and a leisure ethic can be synthesized to enhance organizational creativity, innovation, and performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Kidwell, Roland E., 2010. "Loafing in the 21st century: Enhanced opportunities--and remedies--for withholding job effort in the new workplace," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 543-552, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:bushor:v:53:y::i:6:p:543-552
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roland Kidwell & Sean Valentine, 2009. "Positive Group Context, Work Attitudes, and Organizational Misbehavior: The Case of Withholding Job Effort," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 86(1), pages 15-28, April.
    2. Bryant, Stephanie M. & Albring, Susan M. & Murthy, Uday, 2009. "The effects of reward structure, media richness and gender on virtual teams," International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 190-213.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emmanuel W. Ayaburi & Jaeung Lee & Michele Maasberg, 0. "Understanding Crowdsourcing Contest Fitness Strategic Decision Factors and Performance: An Expectation-Confirmation Theory Perspective," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-14.
    2. Tomczak, David L. & Lanzo, Lauren A. & Aguinis, Herman, 2018. "Evidence-based recommendations for employee performance monitoring," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 251-259.
    3. Bao Cheng & Xing Zhou & Gongxing Guo & Kezhen Yang, 2020. "Perceived Overqualification and Cyberloafing: A Moderated-Mediation Model Based on Equity Theory," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 565-577, July.
    4. Chong, SinHui & Kim, You Jin & Lee, Hun Whee & Johnson, Russell E. & Lin, Szu-Han (Joanna), 2020. "Mind your own break! The interactive effect of workday respite activities and mindfulness on employee outcomes via affective linkages," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 64-77.
    5. Emmanuel W. Ayaburi & Jaeung Lee & Michele Maasberg, 2020. "Understanding Crowdsourcing Contest Fitness Strategic Decision Factors and Performance: An Expectation-Confirmation Theory Perspective," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 1227-1240, October.

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