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Chromium removal from flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill-cuttings using powdered activated carbon

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  • Ayotamuno, M.J.
  • Okparanma, R.N.
  • Ogaji, S.O.T.
  • Probert, S.D.

Abstract

The practice of injecting the flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill-cuttings (LP-OBDCs) into the ground is a popular current disposal-option for this type of drilling waste in Nigeria. Unfortunately, this practice leads to environmental degradation because this flocculation effluent contains high concentrations of chromium (Cr6+), which is a heavy-metal pollutant. Consequently, it is recommended that the flocculation effluent be treated in a batch adsorption process, using powdered activated-carbon (PAC) in order to improve the quality of the flocculation effluent before its sub-surface injection. A representative sample of the untreated LP-OBDC was collected from a mud pit close to an oil-well in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Initial characterization of the untreated LP-OBDC showed that the concentration of Cr6+ was 5.26Â g/m3. Flocculation of the LP-OBDCs was carried out using aluminum sulphate and sodium chloride as coagulant and flocculant, respectively. After flocculation, the Cr6+ was reduced to 5.01Â g/m3 (i.e. a 4.75% reduction). The flocculation effluent was then subjected to an activated-carbon batch-adsorption process. At the end of the process, the Cr6+ content was further reduced to 2.77Â g/m3 (i.e. a 44.7% reduction), which shows a significant improvement on the quality of the flocculation effluent. The adsorption mechanism of Cr6+ onto the PAC fitted the second-order kinetic model (with R2Â =Â 1.00 approximately) with equilibrium being attained within 60Â minutes of contact time. Performance characteristics of the PAC show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at equilibrium is 1.60Â mg/g (i.e. a 64.0% adsorption) at the initial chromium-concentration, C0, of 2.50Â g/m3. Also, adsorption-capacity data, obtained using the regressed Freudlich's isotherm (, were quite close to the pertinent experimental data (with R2Â =Â 0.981). The adsorption intensity, n, is 1.32, indicating a strongly favourable adsorption, which shows that a large amount of chromium is adsorbed at low concentrations of adsorbate in the flocculation effluent.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayotamuno, M.J. & Okparanma, R.N. & Ogaji, S.O.T. & Probert, S.D., 2007. "Chromium removal from flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill-cuttings using powdered activated carbon," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(10), pages 1002-1011, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:84:y:2007:i:10:p:1002-1011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ayotamuno, M.J. & Kogbara, R.B. & Ogaji, S.O.T. & Probert, S.D., 2006. "Petroleum contaminated ground-water: Remediation using activated carbon," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(11), pages 1258-1264, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Yuxuan & Zhong, Zhaoping & Li, Jiefei & Du, Haoran & Li, Qian & Zheng, Xiang & Qi, Renzhi & Zhang, Shan & Ren, Pengkun & Li, Zhaoying, 2023. "Experimental and theoretical-based study of heavy metal capture by modified silica-alumina-based materials during thermal conversion of coal at high temperature combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    2. Benedetti, Vittoria & Patuzzi, Francesco & Baratieri, Marco, 2018. "Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 92-99.

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