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Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

Author

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  • Nansai, Keisuke
  • Tohno, Susumu
  • Kono, Motoki
  • Kasahara, Mikio
  • Moriguchi, Yuichi

Abstract

Life-cycle analysis of a charging station for electric vehicles (EVs) was performed in the three phases, that is, production, transportation and installation of the charging equipment, which consists of charger, battery and stand. We chose parking lots on expressways, commercial parking lots in cities, municipal facilities, shopping centers, etc. throughout the country as the charging sites according to the EV charge program in Southern California. Air-pollutant emissions during the transportation phase were calculated based on the emission factors of vehicles, running speed and the transport distance between one factory of the charging equipment and each site. The share of transporting the charging machines in total emissions of CO2, SOx and CO was less than 15% and the production phase was dominant. In case of NOx, the share of transporting them was over 20%. The relation between gasoline vehicle and gas station was applied to estimate the number of EVs using the charging stations through the country, and the contribution of the charging stations to life-cycle emissions of air pollutants from EV was presented. The share of infrastructure in total emissions of CO2 was 16% in our model case. Thus the development of the charging infrastructure almost did not change the advantage of EV compared to gasoline vehicle (GV) in terms of CO2, NOx, and CO emissions. But an EV emits more life-cycle SOx than gasoline vehicles (GVs).

Suggested Citation

  • Nansai, Keisuke & Tohno, Susumu & Kono, Motoki & Kasahara, Mikio & Moriguchi, Yuichi, 2001. "Life-cycle analysis of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(3), pages 251-265, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:70:y:2001:i:3:p:251-265
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucas, Alexandre & Alexandra Silva, Carla & Costa Neto, Rui, 2012. "Life cycle analysis of energy supply infrastructure for conventional and electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 537-547.
    2. Erbaş, Mehmet & Kabak, Mehmet & Özceylan, Eren & Çetinkaya, Cihan, 2018. "Optimal siting of electric vehicle charging stations: A GIS-based fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1017-1031.
    3. Tian Wu & Bohan Zeng & Yali He & Xin Tian & Xunmin Ou, 2017. "Sustainable Governance for the Opened Electric Vehicle Charging and Upgraded Facilities Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Raj Kumar & Yuan Chun & Tanjia Binte Zafar & Nora Ahmed Mothafar, 2019. "Building Sustainable Green Environment by Reducing Traffic Jam: The Role of Sharing Economy as Ride-sharing An Overview of Dhaka Metropolitan City," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 3(6), pages 164-173.
    5. Ding, Huajie & Hu, Zechun & Song, Yonghua, 2015. "Value of the energy storage system in an electric bus fast charging station," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 630-639.
    6. Orlando Barraza & Miquel Estrada, 2021. "Battery Electric Bus Network: Efficient Design and Cost Comparison of Different Powertrains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-28, April.
    7. Kazemi, Mohammad Amin & Sedighizadeh, Mostafa & Mirzaei, Mohammad Javad & Homaee, Omid, 2016. "Optimal siting and sizing of distribution system operator owned EV parking lots," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1176-1184.
    8. Sadeghi-Barzani, Payam & Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, Abbas & Kazemi-Karegar, Hosein, 2014. "Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 289-299.
    9. Wang, Dawei & Zamel, Nada & Jiao, Kui & Zhou, Yibo & Yu, Shuhai & Du, Qing & Yin, Yan, 2013. "Life cycle analysis of internal combustion engine, electric and fuel cell vehicles for China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 402-412.
    10. Arijit Ghosh & Neha Ghorui & Sankar Prasad Mondal & Suchitra Kumari & Biraj Kanti Mondal & Aditya Das & Mahananda Sen Gupta, 2021. "Application of Hexagonal Fuzzy MCDM Methodology for Site Selection of Electric Vehicle Charging Station," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-27, February.
    11. Nenming Wang & Guwen Tang, 2022. "A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-35, March.
    12. Kim, Jerim & Son, Sung-Yong & Lee, Jung-Min & Ha, Hyung-Tae, 2017. "Scheduling and performance analysis under a stochastic model for electric vehicle charging stations," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 66(PB), pages 278-289.
    13. Li, Zhe & Ouyang, Minggao, 2011. "The pricing of charging for electric vehicles in China—Dilemma and solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5765-5778.
    14. Ba Hung, Nguyen & Jaewon, Sung & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2017. "A study of the effects of input parameters on the dynamics and required power of an electric bicycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1347-1362.
    15. Guo, Sen & Zhao, Huiru, 2015. "Optimal site selection of electric vehicle charging station by using fuzzy TOPSIS based on sustainability perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 390-402.
    16. Sun, Yu-Hua & Jou, Hurng-Liahng & Wu, Jinn-Chang & Wu, Kuen-Der, 2010. "Auxiliary health diagnosis method for lead-acid battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(12), pages 3691-3698, December.
    17. Csiszár, Csaba & Csonka, Bálint & Földes, Dávid & Wirth, Ervin & Lovas, Tamás, 2020. "Location optimisation method for fast-charging stations along national roads," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    18. Mona Kabus & Lars Nolting & Benedict J. Mortimer & Jan C. Koj & Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs & Rik W. De Doncker & Aaron Praktiknjo, 2020. "Environmental Impacts of Charging Concepts for Battery Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of On-Board and Off-Board Charging Systems Based on a Life Cycle Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-31, December.
    19. Chen, Feng & Taylor, Nathaniel & Kringos, Nicole, 2015. "Electrification of roads: Opportunities and challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 109-119.
    20. De Filippo, Giovanni & Marano, Vincenzo & Sioshansi, Ramteen, 2014. "Simulation of an electric transportation system at The Ohio State University," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1686-1691.

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